cy { s ] xf ] eGg ] kQf nufpg ] sfl] zz ugk{' b5{ . h ] ePklg of]
;To xf] ls s'g} s'g} o:tf Jojxf/ / rngx¿ 5g\ h'g a'4sf
pkb]zx¿df cfwfl/t x'g'eGbf klg cGwljZjf; / cgle1tfaf6
pTkGg ePsf 5g\ / To:tf] cgle1tf a'4wd{df dfq kfOg]
xf]Og t/ o:tf] ;a} wd{¿df ;do ;dodf pTkGg x'G5g\ .
a'4n] o; ljifodf k"0f{ JofVof u/L k|i6;“u lzIff lbg'ePsf]
5 . o;df s;}n] klg k"0f{ ¿kdf a'‰g ;St}g eg] a'4nfO{ bf]if
lbg ;lsGg . Pp6f pvfg 5– olb Pp6f /f]u nfu]sf] Pp6f
dflg;n] cfºgf] ghLsdf a}B 5“bf 5“b} klg cf}iflw pkrf/
u/fp“b}g eg] o;df Tof] a}Bsf] s] bf]if <
To;/L g} cGwsf/¿kL Sn]z Joflwn] u|:t eO{ cfs'n
Jofs'n eO/x]sf dflg;x¿n] a'4sf] d2t lng vf]Hb}gg\ eg]
Tof] bf]if a'4sf] xf]Og .
(J N 28-9)
g t a'4 wd{ jf c¿ s'g} wd{nfO{ To:tf dflg; h;n]
wds{ f ] c;n cEof; g } ubg{} eg ] p;n ] To;nfO { hfR“ g klg
;Qmg} . olb tkfOn“{ ] a4' wds{ f ] jf:tljs lzIff OR5f hfGg]
/fVg' x'G5 eg] a'4 jrg k9\g'xf];\ jf a'4wd{nfO{ ;xL cy{df
a‰' gx] ¿;u“ s/' fsflg ugx{' f;] \ .
k|Zg M olb a'4wd{ TolQsf] c;n 5 eg] s]xL af}4 d'n'sx¿
lsg u/La 5g\ <
pQ/ M olb u/Lasf] cy{ cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] lng] xf] eg] ;To
xf] ls s]xL af}4 d'n'sx¿ u/La 5g\ . t/ olb u/La eGgfn]
hLjgsf] u/LaL u'0f ;Demg' x'G5 eg] ;fob s]xL af}4 d'n'sx¿
c;fWo wgL 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu cd]l/sf cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn]
wgL tyf zlQm ;DkGg d'n's xf] . t/ Toxf“sf] ck/fw b/
;;+ f/sf ] ;a } dn' s' x¿df eGbf a9L 5– nfvfs+} f ] ;V+ ofdf a9' f
a9' Lx¿nfO { cfºgf 5f/] f 5f/] Lx¿n ] jf:tf ubg{} g \ . clg PSnfk] gdf
g} a[4 cf>dx¿df db{5g\ / Toxf“ 3/fo;L snx / afn
ck/fw h:tf 7"nf ;d:ofx¿ 5g\ . k|To]s tLg ljjfxdWo]
Pp6f kf/kfr's]df 6'lËG5 / j]Zofj[lQ k|z:t dfqfdf kfOG5 .
k};fsf] ;DaGwdft wgL 5g\ . t/ hLjgsf] u'0f ;DaGwdf eg]
u/La of 3l6of 5g\ . ca adf{nfO{ lnp“ – h'g cfly{s b[li6sf]0fdf
k5fl8 5 . cfdf afa'x¿nfO{ cfºgf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿n] cfb/ ;Tsf/
ub{5g\, ck/fwsf] b/ t'ngfTds b[li6n] sd 5 . kf/kfr's]
tyf cfTdxTof h:tf zAbx¿ k|foM ;'Gg klg kfO“b}g . oL
3/fo;L lab|f]x tyf afnck/fw / cZnLn t:jL/ tyf
j]Zofj[lQsf] :jLs[lQsf] cl:tTj g} 5}g . cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn]
k5fl8 cjZo 5 t/ hLjgsf] u'0f eg] ;fob cd]l/sfsf] eGbf
w]/} pRr:t/sf] 5 . olb cfly{s ¿kdf dfq af}4 b]zx¿nfO{
8 a$' wd { s ] xf ] < k|Zgf]Q/ 9
k|Zg M af}4x¿ zfsfxf/L x'g'kb{5, xf]Og / <
pQ/ M cfjZos 5}g . a'4 zfsfxf/L x'g'x'Gg lyof] . pxf“n]
cfºgf lziox¿nfO{ zfsfxf/L x'g] lzIff lbg'ePg / clxn] klg
5}g . w]/} c;n af}4x¿ 5g\ hf] slxNo} klg zfsfxf/L ePgg\ .
kZ| g M t/ olb tkfO +{ df; ' vfgx' G' 5 eg ] cbZ[ o ¿kn ] kf| 0fL3ftkl| t
pQ/bfoL x'g'x'G5 . o;n] klxnf] zLn eË ePg / <
pQ/ M of ] ;To xf ] ls ha tkfO { df;s' f ] ;j] g ugx{' G' 5 eg]
tkfO{ k/f]If / cf+lzs ¿kdf k|f0fL lx+;fdf pQ/bfoL x'g'x'G5
t/ To;/L g } ;To xf ] ls hg' an] f tkfO +{ ;fu;AhLsf ] ;j] g
ugx{' G' 5 . ;fu;AhLx¿ tkfOs+{ f ] vfgfsf ] yfndf sL/fn ] vfPsf
Kjfnx¿ /lxt xf]pmg\ eGgfvflt/ ls;fgn] klg cfºgf]
cGgafnLdf sL6f0f'gf;s cf}iflw / ljif 5s{g'kb{5 . clg km]l/
klg tkfO{+sf] sd/k]6Lsf] nflu cyjf Xof08Jofusf] nflu
5fnf kfpg hLjhGtx' ¿nfO { dfl/G5, tkfOn+{ ] ko| fu] ug {] ;fag' sf]
60 zfsfxf/L k|Zgf]Q/ 61
nflu klg s]xL g s]xL dfl/G5g\ . s'g} g s'g} k|sf/n] c¿x¿sf]
d[To'sf] nflu k/f]If¿kn] pQ/bfoL geO{ af“Rg k|foM c;Dej
5 . of ] Pp6f klxnf ] cfo;{ Tosf ] csf {] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf ] .
;fwf/0f cl:tTj g } bM' v / c;Gti' 6L xf ] . ha tkfO +{ klxnf]
zLn ux| 0f ugx{' G' 5 ta tkfO +{ kT| oIf¿kdf kf| 0fL3ft uga{ f6
pQ/bfoL x'g klG5g' x'G5 .
kZ| g M dxfofgL af4} x¿ df;s' f ] ;j] g ubg{} g \ .
pQ/ M Tof] s'/f ;To xf]Og . rLgdf dxfofgL af}4 wd{n]
zfsfxf/L x'gdf 7"nf] hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 t/ hfkfg / ltAatsf
dxfofgL k/Dk/fsf b'a} leIf' tyf pkf;s pkfl;sfx¿n]
;fwf/0ftof df;'sf ;]jg ub{5g\ .
k|Zg M t/ d cem} klg eGb5' ls af}4x¿ zfsfxf/L g} x'g'kb{5 .
pQ/ M olb Pp6f dflg; hf] cToGt s§/ zfsfxf/L 5 t/ pm
c;fWo :jfyL,{ c;Eo, gLr 5 / csf {] Pp6f dflg; hf ] zfsfxf/L
xf]Og t/ pm c¿sf] ljrf/ u5{, OdfGbf/ 5, pbf/ 5 / bofn'
5 eg] oL b'O{hgf dWo] s'g rf“lx c;n af}4 x'g\ <
k|Zg M Tof] dflg;, hf] OdfGbf/ / bofn' 5 .
pQ/ M lsg <
k|Zg M lsgeg] To:tf] dflg; lgZroklg c;n Xbosf] x'G5 .
pQ/ M cjZo . Pshgf df;s' f ] ;j] g ug {] dflg;sf ] Xbo z4'
xg' ;Sb5 . 7Ls To;/L g } Pshgf df;s' f ] ;j] g gugs{] f ] Xbo
cz4' xg' ;Sb5 . af4} lzIffdf tkfOn+{ ] ;j] g ug {] vfgfdf
;dfjz] ul/Psf s/' fx¿eGbf tkfOs+{ f ] Xbosf ] u0' f a9L dxTjk0" f{
s/' f xf ] . w/] } h;f ] af4} x¿ slxNo } df;s' f ] ;j] g klg gugd{' f
7"nf] Vofn /fVb5g\ t/ pgLx¿ :jfyL{ x'g], OdfGbf/ gx'g], b'i6
cyjf Oi{ ofn{ ' xg' ] s/' fdf eg ] jf:tf g } ubg{} g \ . pgLx¿n]
cfºgf] cfxf/ abNb5g\ h'g ;lhnf] klg 5 t/ Xbo kl/jt{g,
hg' ug { ufxf| ] 5, ugd{ f klg jf:tf ubg{} g \ . To;n} ] tkfO+{
zfsfxf/L xg' x' f;] \ of df;+ fxf/L a4' wdd{ f cfºgf ] dg z4' ug {' g}
;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] eGg] ;DemL /fVg'k5{ .
kZ| g M tkfOn+{ ] clxn;] Dd h ] eGge' of ] ;f ] ;f¥x } rfv nfUof ] . d
s;/L af}4 x'g ;S5' <
pQ/ M Ps ;dodf pkfln eGg] Pshgf dflg; lyof] . pm c¿
g} wd{sf] cg'ofoL lyof] . pm a'4 sxf“ 5nkmn ug{ / jxf“nfO{
wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg] x]t'n] Toxf“ uof] . t/ a'4;“u s'/fsfgL
u/]kl5 pm olQsf] k|efljt eof] ls p;n] a'4sf] cg'ofoL aGg]
lg0f{o u¥of] . t/ a'4n] eGg' eof]–
æklxn ] /fd/| L hfr“ /] x/] . tkfO +{ h:tf ] kl| ;4 JolQmn]
/fd/| L hfr“ /] xg] {' /fdf| ] xg' 5] .Æ
ca eujfg\n] dnfO{ æklxn] /fd|/L hf“r u/Æ egL
eGg ' xb“' f d cem w/] {} v;' L / ;Gti' 6 eP “ lsgeg ] olb c¿
wd{sf ;b:ox¿n] dnfO{ lziosf] ¿kdf u|x0f u/] eg] ltgLx¿n]
xftdf em08f lnP/ zx/sf] rf/}lt/ pkfln æxfdLx¿sf] wd{df
cfPÆ eGb} 3'Dg] unf{g\ t/ eujfg\n] dnfO{ eGg'eof] æklxn]
9= af}$ x'g'
/fd/| L hfr“ /] x/] . tkfO +{ h:tf ] kl| ;4 JolQmn ] /fd/| L hfr“ /] xg] {'
/fd|f] x'g]5 .Æ
dlHemdlgsfo @–#&(
a'4wd{df ;dembf/L Psbd} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 /
;dembf/Ldf ;do nfUb5 . To;}n] x8a8 u/L a'4wd{df nfUg'
kbg{} . ;do np] m, kZ| gx¿ u/ / /fd/| L ljrf/ u//] x/] clg
cfkm} g} lg0f{o u/ . a'4n] a9L ;+Vofdf lziox¿ agfpg] OR5f
uge{' Psf ] lyPg . dflg;x¿n ] /fd/| L hfr“ /] x/] /] clg oyfyt{ fnfO{
ljrf/ u/]/ cfºgf lzIffx¿ /fd|/L kfng u¿g\ eGg] s'/fdf
pxf“ lrlGtt x'g'x'GYof] .
k|Zg M olb hf“r]/ x]bf{ a'4sf] lzIff :jLsf/ of]Uo kfP“ / af}4 x'g
rfx +] eg ] dn} ] ta s ] ug {' knf { <
pQ/ M /fd|f] ljxf/ cyjf af}4 ;d'bfodf ;dfj]z x'g' g} ;a}eGbf
/fdf| ] xfn] f . pgLx¿nfO { ;xofu] ugx{' f;] / pgLx¿af6 klg
;xof]u lng'xf];\ / a'4sf] lzIffnfO{ cem a9L yfxf kfpg
lg/Gt/ nfUgx' f;] \ . ha tkfO +{ tof/ xg' x' fn] f ta lq/Tgsf]
z/0f uO{ cf}krfl/s ¿kdf af}4 x'g'x'g]5 .
k|Zg M lqz/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <
pQ/ M z/0f eg]sf] To:tf] 7fp“ xf] hxf“ dflg;x¿ cfkm"nfO{
68 af$} xg' ' k|Zgf]Q/ 69
b'Mv kbf{ cyjf ;'/Iffsf] cfjZos kbf{ hfg] u5{g\ . z/0f w]/}
lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . ha dflg;x¿ b'MvL x'G5g\ ltgLx¿ cfºgf
;fyLx¿sf] z/0fdf hfG5g\, ha pgLx¿ lrlGtt / eoeLt
x'G5g\ ta ltgLx¿ em"7f] cfzf / ljZjf;sf] z/0fdf nfU5g\ .
ha ltgLx¿df d[To' cfOnfU5 ta ltgLx¿ cnf}lss :ju{sf]
ljZjf;df z/0f n]nfg\ . t/ a'4n] eGg'eP h:t} logLx¿dWo]
s'g} klg ;f“rf z/0f xf]Ogg\ lsgeg] ltgLx¿n] oyfy{tfdf
cfwfl/t ;'v / ;'/Iff lbg ;Sb}gg\ .
;f“rf] cy{df of] z/0f ;'/lIft 5}g . of] pQd z/0f
klg xf]Og . ;a} k|sf/sf] b'Mvaf6 5'6\sf/f kfpg] z/0f klg
5}g . t/ h;n] b'Mv, b[Zosf] sf/0f, b'Mvsf] lg/f]w / b'MvnfO{
lg/fw] ug {] cfoc{ i6fl+ us dfun{ fO { k1| f bl[ i6n ] x/] L a4' , wd { /
;+3sf] z/0f lng' g} jf:tjdf ;'/lIft z/0f, pQd z/0f xf] .
oxL z/0f lnPdf hf] sf]xL klg ;a} k|sf/sf b'Mvx¿af6 d'Qm
x'g;Qm5 .
wDdkb !*(–!(@
a'4sf] z/0fdf hfg', a'4n] k|fKt u/] h:t} ;j{1 af]lw1fg
kf| Kt ug { ;lsG5 eGg ] lglZrt ¿kn ] :jLsf/ ug {' xf ] . wds{ f]
z/0f lng'sf] cy{ xf]– rt'/fo{;TotfnfO{ oyfy{ ¿kdf a'‰g'
tyf cfºgf] hLjg cfo{ci6f+lusdfu{df cfwfl/t agfpg' . ;+3sf]
z/0fdf hfg'sf] cy{ xf]– cfo{ ci6f+lus dfu{df lx8\g]x¿af6
;xofu] , k/]| 0ff / dfu { lgbz{] g kfpg ' . o:tf ] ugfn{ ] af4} xfO] G5
/ lgjf{0fsf] af6f]lt/ Ps kfOnf cl3 a9fpg ;lsG5 .
kZ| g M tkfOn+{ ] klxnf ] lqz/0f lng ' ePbl] v tkfOs+{ f ] hLjgdf s]
s] kl/jt{gx¿ eP <
pQ/ M @%)) jif { otfbl] v c;V+ o nfvf +} nfv c¿x¿n ] h:t}
a'4sf] lzIffn] o; s7f]/ ;+;f/df s]xL nfesf/L ePsf] d}n]
kfP“ . cy{xLg hLjgnfO{ pgLx¿n] cy{ lbP . pgLx¿n] dnfO{
dfgjLo / sf¿l0fs gLlt lbP h;n] d]/f] hLjg 8f]¥ofpg] 5 /
dn} ] s;/L csf {] hl' gdf ljz4' tf / ;j1{ tf kf| Kt ug { ;Sg5] '
eGg] b]vfO{ lbPsf] 5 .
k|frLg ef/tsf Pshgf sljn] n]Vg' ePsf] 5 ls–
pxf“sf] z/0f hfg', pxf“sf] u'0f ufpg', pxf“sf] ;Ddfg
ug {' / wds{ f ] lgod kfng ug {' egs] f ] /fdf| l] ;t ae' m/] sfo { ug{'
xf] .
d oL zAbx¿l;t k"0f{ ;xdt 5' .
æTo:t} d klg ;xdt 5' .Æ
v
2= a'$wd{sf df}lns l;$fGtx?
k|Zg M a'4sf d'Vo pkb]z s] s] x'g\ <
pQ/ M a'4sf ;a} h;f] pkb]zx¿ rt'/fo{;Todf s]lGb|t 5g\ .
h;/L Pp6f rqmsf] dWodf To;sf ;a} ;'Ox¿ / 3]/f s]lGb|t
x'G5g\ To;/L g} cfo{;Tox¿ rf/j6f 5g\ . To;}n] …rt'/Ú elgPsf]
xf] . ltgLx¿nfO{ h;n] /fd|/L a'‰b5 To;nfO{ 1fgL agfOlbG5 .
To;}n] cfo{ elgPsf] xf] . / logLx¿ ;To 5g\ tyf
jf:tljstfl;t ldNb5g\ . To;}n] ltgLx¿nfO{ æ;ToÆ elgPsf]
xf] .
k|Zg M klxnf] cfo{ ;To s'g xf] <
pQ/ M hLjg g} b'Mv xf] eGg] klxnf] cfo{ ;To xf] . af“Rgsf]
lgldQ bM' v ugk{' 5 { . sg' } lsl;dsf ] bM' vsf ] cge' j ljgf afR“ g'
c;Dej 5 . xfdLx¿n] /f]u Aoflw, 3fp, rf]6, ysfj6, a'9\ofO“
tyf cGTodf d[To' h:tf zf/Ll/s b'Mv ef]Ug'kb{5 / xfdLx¿n]
PSnf]kg, cfTd c;Gtf]if, 8/, qf;, dfgl;s lrGtf, xtf]T;fx,
18 a$' wds{ f dfl} ns l;$fGtx? k|Zgf]Q/ 19
/L; cflb h:tf dfgl;s b'Mvx¿ klg ;xg'kb{5 .
k|Zg M s] of] s]xL dfqfdf lg/fzfjfbL 5}g <
pQ/ M lg/fzfjfbnfO{ zAbsf]ifn] kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 ls æh'g;'s}
s'/f x'G5 eg] Tof] v/fa g} x'g]5 eg]/ ;f]Rg] afgLÆ cyjf
æc;neGbf klg v/fa a9L zlQmzfnL 5 eGg] ljZjf; .Æ
a'4wd{n] of] s'/fsf] lzIff lb“b}g . g t o;n] ;'vsf] cl:tOEj 5
egL c:jLsf/ g} u5{ . o;n] ;/n tl/sfn] eGb5 ls lhpg'
egs] f ] g } zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s bM' vsf ] cge' j ug {' xf ] . hg'
s'/f Psbd} ;To tyf Psbd} cjZoDefjL 5 ls o;nfO{
c:jLsf/ ug{ g} ;ls“b}g . w]/} h;f] wd{x¿sf] ;f/e"t ljrf/wf/f
kf}/fl0fs syf xf] . Pp6f k/Dk/fut syf cyjf ljZjf; h;nfO{
s]nfP/ x]g{ sl7g 5 jf c;Dej 5 . Pp6f em"7f] k|dfl0ft ug{
g;lsg] ;To, Pp6f ;a}n] hfg]sf] s'/f, ;a}n] cg'ej u/]sf] /
To;nfO{ lhTg ;a}n] sf]lzz ul//x]sf] Pp6f cg'ejaf6 a'4wd{sf]
k|f/De x'G5 . To;}n] a'4wd{ dfq jf:tjdf ljZjwd{ xf] . lsg
eg] o;n] k|To]s dfgjl;t ;DalGwt b'Mv / To;nfO{ s;/L
TofUg] eGg] s'/fdf leq;Dd k|j]z u/]sf] 5 .
k|Zg M bf];|f] cfo{ ;To s'g xf] <
pQ/ M …;a} b'Mv t[i0ffsf] sf/0fn] g} k}bf x'G5Ú eGg] s'/f bf];|f]
cfo { ;To xf ] . olb xfdLx¿n ] dfgl;s bM' vnfO { x¥] of +} eg]
t[i0ffsf] sf/0fn] of] s;/L x'G5 eGg] s'/f x]g{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .
ha xfdLx¿ sg' } s/' fsf ] rfxgf u5f {+} To;an] f To;nfO { kfpg
;sg] f “} eg ] c;Gti' 6 ePsf ] yfxf kfp5“ f +} . ha s;nfO { cfkmn" ]
cfzf u/;] Dd afr“ f;] \ eGg ] xfdL cfzf /fVb5f “} kl5 To:tf]
ePg eg ] c;xfo / lg/fz ePsf ] cge' j u5f “{} . ha xfdLx¿nfO{
c¿n ] dg k/fpg \ eGg ] rfxG5f +} t/ pgLx¿n ] To;f ] ubg{} g \ eg]
cfkmd" fly cf3ft k/s] f ] cge' j u5f {+} . slxn ] sfx“ L xfdLn ] sx] L
s/' fsf ] rfxgf u5f “{} / kf| Kt ug { ;Sof “} eg ] klg To;n ] ;v' sf]
af6f]df 8f]¥ofpg ;Sb}g lsg ls w]/} ;do glaTb} Tof] a:t'
xfd|f] lgldQ lg/; ePsf] cfefif x'G5 To;k|lt df]x x6]/ hfG5
/ c¿ g} a:t'sf] rfxgflt/ dg bf}l8;s]sf] x'G5 . o;nfO{
;lhnf] lsl;dn] eGg] xf] eg] xfdLn] OR5f u/]sf j:t' kfp“bf
klg To;n ] ;v' lbG5 eGg ] sg' } e/f;] f xb“' g} eGg ' g } bf;] f| ]
cfo{;Tosf] egfO xf] . nuftf/ cfkm"n] rfx]sf a:t'x¿ k|fKt
ug{df ;+3if{ ul//xg' eGbf klg cfºgf OR5fnfO{ ;dofg's"n
9fNg] sf]lzz u/ . rfxgfn] xfdLx¿nfO{ ;+t'i6L / ;'vaf6
6f9f n}hfG5 .
k|Zg M rfxgf / t[i0ffn] zf/Ll/s b'Mvlt/ s;/L n}hfG5 <
pQ/ M o:tf ] ug {] To:tf ] ug {] eGg ] hLjg e/sf ] rfxgf / ti[ 0ffn]
vf; u/L t[i0ff a9\b} uP kl5 Pp6f o:tf] zlQmsf] ;[hgf u5{
h;sf ] sf/0f dflg;n ] kg' hG{ d lng ' kg {] xG' 5 . ha xfdL kml] /
20 a$' wds{ f dfl} ns l;$fGtx? k|Zgf]Q/ 21
hGdG5f,“} xfdf| ] z/L/ xG' 5 clg xfdLn ] cl3 g } elgxfNof “} ls
z/L/df ;lhn} 3fprf]6, /f]uAoflw nfUb5, sfdn] of] lzlyn
x'g;S5, of] a'l9+b} hfG5 / cGtdf d[To' x'G5 . o;sf/0f t[i0ffn]
zf/Ll/s b'Mvsf] af6f]df 8f]¥ofp“5 lsgeg] o;n] xfdLnfO{
kg' hG{ d lngk' g {] u/fp5“ .
k|Zg M tL ;a} g} 7Ls 5g\ . t/ olb xfdLn] Ps};fy rfxgfsf]
nufd aGb u¥of “} eg ] slxNo } klg sx] Lklg kf| Kt ug { ;Sbg} f “} .
pQ/ M ;To xf] . t/ a'4n] s] pkb]z lbg'ePsf] 5 eg] ha
xfd|f] OR5f, t[i0ff, cfkm";“u h] 5 To;af6 nuftf/ x'g] xfd|f]
c;Gtl' i6 clg xfdLx¿sf ] cem w/] } w/] } kf| Kt ug {] OR5fn ] xfdLnfO{
bM' v xG' 5 eg ] o:tf ] sfo { ug {] s/' faf6 xfdL /fl] sgk' 5 { . pxfn“ ]
xfdLx¿nfO{ eGg'x'G5 ls xfdLnfO{ s] cfjZos 5 / xfdL s]
rfxG5f +} 56' o\ fpg ' / xfdLx¿sf ] cfjZostfsf ] nflu sfl] zz
ug {" clg cfºgf ] rfxgfnfO { ;fx] L cg¿' k ljrf/ ug {" . pxf“
eGg'x'G5 sL xfdLx¿sf] cfjZostf k"/f x'g ;St5, t/ xfd|f
rfxgfx¿ eg] ;tx gePsf] vf8n h:tf] . c;Lldt 5g\, s'g}
s'g} geO gx'g] cfjZostf 5g\, df}lns 5g\ / k|fKt ug{
;lsG5 clg o;sf ] kf| lKtsf nflu sfd ugk{' 5 { . o;eGbf
afx]ssf OR5fx¿ lj:tf/} lj:tf/} 36fP/ nfg'kb{5 . cflv/df hLjgsf]
p2Z] o s ] xf ] / < OlR5t j:t ' kf| Kt ug {' cyjf ;Gti' 6 xg' ' / ;v' L xg' '
xf] .
kZ| g M tkfOn{ ] kg' hG{ Hdsf ] s/' f uge{' of ] t/ To:tf ] xG' 5 eGg ] sg' }
k|df0f 5 / <
pQ/ M o:tf s'/f x'G5g\ eGg] k|z:t k|df0fx¿ 5g\ t/ o;
;DaGwdf lj:tt[ ¿kdf kl5 xg] 5{] f +} .
k|Zg– t];|f] cfo{ ;To s'g xf] <
pQ/– b'MvnfO{ lhTg ;lsG5 / ;'v k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] t];|f]
cfo{ ;To xf] . rf/ cfo{;Tox¿ dWo] oxL g} ;a}eGbf dxOEjk"0f{
xf] lsg ls o;}df a'4n] k'glj{Zjf; lbnfpg' ePsf] 5 ls
jf:tljs ;'v / ;Gt'li6 o;}df ;Dej 5 . ha xfdL sfd
gnfUg ] ti[ 0ffnfO { TofUb5f +} / kT| os] lbgsf ] x/ kn cl:y/
rfxgfx¿ ljgf g } ;v' L ;fy afR“ g l;S5f +} / wo} s{ f ;fy hLjg
qf; lagf 3[0ff / /L; ljgf ;d:ofx¿ em]Nb} hLjgn] lbg]
cge' jx¿ lnb“ } afR“ g l;S5f +} ta xfdL vz' L / :jtGq xg' 5] f +} .
clg To;an] f dfq xfdL k0" f { hLjglgjfx{ ug { ;S5f +} . lsgeg]
xfdLnfO { xfdf| ] :jfyL { rfxgfn ] ;Gti' 6 ug {] lrGtfaf6 u:| t ug{
5fl] 8;ss] f ] xG' 5 ta xfdLn ] c¿nfO { ;xofu] ug {] / pgLx¿sf]
cfjZos k/" f ug {] w/] } ;do kfpb“ 5f +} . o; } cj:yfnfO { lgjf0{ f
elgG5 . xfdLx¿ dfgl;s bM' vaf6 klg dl' Qm kfpb“ 5f +} . o;n} fO{
clGtd lgjf{0f elgG5 .
k|Zg M lgjf{0f s] xf] / sxf“ 5 <
22 a$' wds{ f dfl} ns l;$fGtx? k|Zgf]Q/ 23
pQ/ M of] Pp6f ;do / cfsfzeGbf klg k5fl8sf] cfotg
xf ] . o;s} f/0f o; ljifodf s/' fsflg ug {' jf ;fR] g ' klg ufxf| ]
5 . ;do, cfsfz / cfotgsf] ljifo dfq eGg] zAbx¿ 5g\
jf ljrf/ ug{ ;'xfp“5g\ . t/ lsgeg] lgjf{0f eg]sf] sfneGbf
kl/ k/ ePsf]n] To;df ult 5}g . o;sf/0f ;dodf a"9f] x'g]
jf dg {] eGg ] g } xb“' g} . To;sf/0f lgjf0{ f egs] f ] cgGt xf]
lsgls of] cfsfzeGbf klg ljzfn ePsf]n] o;df s'g} x]t'
5}g, s'g} ;Ldf 5}g, cfTdkgsf] l;4fGt 5}g / cgfTd 5 .
o;sf/0f lgjf{0f cgGt / z"Go 5 . a'4n] xfdLx¿nfO{ ljZjf;
lbnfpg' ePsf] 5 ls lgjf{0f eg]sf] Pp6f cgGt ;'vsf] cg'ej
xf] . pxf“ eGg'x'G5–
lgAaf0f+ k/d+ ;'v+ .
ælgjf{0f eg]sf] dxf;'v xf] .Æ
wDdkb @)$
k|Zg– t/ s] o:tf] cj:yfsf] cl:tTj 5 eGg] To:tf] s]xL k|df0f 5 <
pQ/– 5}g . To:tf] s]xL 5}g . t/ o;sf] cl:tTj 5 eGg] s'/f
lgisif{df Nofpg ;lsG5 . olb Toxf“ Pp6f cfotg 5 hxf“
;do / cfsfznfO{ rfNg ;lsG5 ta Toxf“ To:tf] cfotgo'Qm
;;+ f/df eg ] xfdLx¿ of ] lgisif { lgsfNg ;Sb5f +} ls oxf “ Pp6f
cfotg 5 hxf“ ;do / cfsfznfO{ rnfpg ;lsGg Tof] xf]
lgjf{0f . xfdLx¿n] k|dfl0ft ug{ g;s]klg lgjf{0fsf] cl:tOEj
5 . xfdLx¿df o;sf] cl:tOEj 5 eGg] a'4 jrg klg 5 .
a'4n] pkb]z lbg' ePsf] 5–
æToxf“ Pp6f hGd gePsf], gagfOPsf], ;dL>0f
gul/Psf] s'/f 5 . olb To:tf] 5}g eg] of] hGd gePsf],
gagfOPsf], gldl;Psf] cj:yfdf hlGdg], x'g], agfOg],
;ld>0faf6 6f9f x'g] agfpg ;lsGg / 5'6sf/f kfpg ;lsGg .
t/ Toxf“ o:tf] hGd gePsf], gagfOPsf], gldl>t cj:yf
ePsf]n] g} hGd eP/ cfpg], agfOg] / ;ld>0f ul/g]af6 6f9f
x'g] s'/f yfxf lbPsf] xf] .Æ
UD 80
o;nfO { ta xfdL yfxf kfp5“ f +} ha kf| Kt u5f +{} . To;
;do;Dd cfkm } lg/Gt/ cEof; ul//xg ;S5f +} .
v
3= a'$wd{ / O{Zj/jfb
k|Zg– s] af}4x¿ O{Zj/df ljZjf; ub{5g\ <
pQ/– xfO] g, xfdL ubg{} f } . o;df w/] } sf/0fx¿ 5g \ . a4' n]
cfw'lgs ;dfhzf:qL tyf dgf]j}1flgsn] h:t} wfld{s efjgfx¿
ljz]if u/L O{Zj/jfb 8/–qf;af6 ;[li6 x'G5 eGg] ljZjf;
ugx{' G' Yof ] . a4' eGgx' G' 5–
æeon] u|:t ePkl5 dflg;x¿ kljq lxdfnodf, kljq
pBfgx¿df, kljq a[Ifx¿ / b]j:ynx¿df hfG5g\ .Æ
DP 188
cflbjf;Lx¿n] vt/gfs tyf cd}qLk"0f{ ;+;f/df ;f/f
h+unL hGt'x¿sf] eoo'Qm cfkm"nfO{ k'Ug] k|z:t cfxf/f vf]Hg
3fprf]6 cyjf /f]uAoflw, lg/Gt/ ah|kft, r6\ofË /
Hjfnfd'vLsf] ljikmf]6 h:tf k|fs[lts k|sf]kx¿sf] ;fdgf u/] .
cfkm"nfO{ c;'/lIft kfP/ O{Zj/sf] efjgf ;[hgf ug{ yfn] tfls
/fd|f lbgx¿df cf/fd kfpg ;lsof];\, vt/fsf] ;dodf ;fx;
24 a$' wd { / OZ{ j/jfb
cfcf;] \ / cfºgf ] sfd laus]| f ] an] fdf ;fGTjgf ldnf;] \ . cfh;Dd
klg tkfOn+{ ] yfxf kfpg ' ePsf ] xfn] f ls ;s+ 6 k/s] f ] an] f
dflg;x¿ a9L wdd{ f sl] Gbt| bl] vG5g \ / hLjg lgjfx{ ug {] an] f
O{Zj/df ljZjf; /fVgfn] O{Zj/n] an k|bfg ub{5g\ eGg] aofg
;'lgG5 . pgLx¿n] Pp6f ljz]if O{Zj/dfly ljZjf; u/]sf]
;l' gG5 . lsgeg ] cfjZos k/s] f ] an] f cf/fwgf ubf { pgLx¿sf]
k|fy{gf cg';f/ kmn ldn]sf] lyof] . oL s'/Fx¿n] a'4sf] pkb]znfO{
;dy{g u/]sf] b]lvG5 ls eo / c;Gt'li6sf] a]nfdf O{Zj/k|ltsf]
efjgf k|s6 x'G5 . cfºgf] eonfO{ a'‰g' kb{5, cfºgf] OR5f
sd ugk{' 5 { / cfkmn" ] abNg g;lsg ] s/' fx¿nfO { rk" rfk tyf
;fx;Ls 9u+ af6 :jLsf/ ugk{' 5 { eGg ] pkbz] a4' n ] xfdLnfO{
lbg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] eonfO{ cljj]sk"0f{ ljZjf;eGbf ljj]sk"0f{
;dembf/Ldf abNg'ePsf] 5 .
a4' n ] OZ{ j/sf ] ljZjf; gug {' ePsf ] bf;] f| ] sf/0f of ] xf]
ls o; ljrf/sf] ;dy{gnfO{ 6]jf lbg] s'g} klg k|df0fx¿ k|fKt
ePsf b]lv“b}gg\ . wd{ w]/} k|sf/sf 5g\ . ;a}n] cfºgf] kljq
wfld{s k':tsdf dfq O{Zj/sf jfSox¿ ;';+lrt 5g\, pgLx¿n]
dfq O{Zj/sf] :jefj a'‰g ;s]sf 5g\, pgLx¿sf] wd{df O{Zj/
ePsf] / c¿sf] wd{df O{Zj/ gePsf] bfaL ub{5g\ . s;}–s;}n]
O{Zj/ k'¿if ePsf] s;}n] pgnfO{ :qL:j¿k / s;}n] peolnËL
ePsf] bfjL ub{5g\ . ltgLx¿ ;a} cf–cfºgf O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj
k|Zgf]Q/ 25
ePsf ] kd| fl0ft ug {] kz| :t kd| f0fx¿ ePsfd] f ;a } ;Gti' 6
5g \ . t/ c¿ wdx{ ¿df cs {} OZ{ j/sf ] cl:tTj 5 eGg ] kd| fl0ft
ug {] kd| f0fx¿df eg ] cljZjf; u/L pgLx¿ kl| t xf:“ g ] ub5{ g \ .
Tolt w]/} ljleGg wd{x¿n] cfºgf] O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj k|dfl0ft
ug {] Tolt w/] } ztfAbLx¿ latfpb“ f klg cem;Dd sg' } ;To,
7f];, ;f/k"0f{ cyjf em"7f] k|dfl0ft ug{ g;lsg] k|df0fx¿ kfpg
g;Sg' of] s] cfZro{sf] s'/f xf]Og / < To:tf k|df0fx¿ cufl8
gcfP;Dd af}4x¿n] o; ljifodf cfºgf lg0f{onfO{ :ylut
ub{5g\ .
a'4n] O{Zj/df ljZjf; gu/]sf] t];|f] sf/0f– ljZjf;
cfjZos 5}g eGg] xf] . a|Dxf08sf] ;[li6sf] j0f{g ug{sf] nflu
Pp6f O{Zj/df ljZjf; /fVg' cfjZos 5 egL s;} s;}n] bfjL
u5{g\ t/ o;f] xf]Og . lj1fgn] O{Zj/jfbsf] ljrf/ cufl8
g/flvsg g} a|Dxf08sf] ;[li6 s;/L ePsf] lyof] eGg] s'/f]
;a}nfO{ lrQ a'‰bf] lsl;dn] j0f{g u¥of] . s;} s;}n] ;'vL
tyf cy{k"0f{ hLjgsf] lgldQ O{Zj/df ljZjf; x'g' cfjZos 5
eGg ] bfjL u5g{ \ . o;f ] xfO] g eg/] kml] / klg xfdL eGg ;S5f +} .
af4} x¿sf ] t s ] s/' f oxf “ nfvfs+} f ] ;V+ ofdf cfl:ts tyf :jtGq
ljrf/sx¿ klg 5g\ hf] O{Zj/sf] ljZjf; lagf g} pkof]uL,
;'vL tyf cy{k"0f{ hLjg lgjf{x ul//x]sf 5g\ . s;} s;}n]
dflg; sdhf/] ePsfn] ] cfºgf ] d2t cfkmn} ] ug {] zlQm gePsfn] ]
O{Zj/sf] zlQm cfjZos 5 eGg] bfjL u/]sf 5g\ . km]l/ klg
o; k|df0fn] pN6f]lt/ s]lGb|t ub{5 / b]vfp“b5 . O{Zj/df
ljZjf; gul/sg g} cfºgf cfGtl/s ;|f]tx¿ / ltgLx¿sf]
cfºgf] k|of;af6 g} 7"N7"nf c;dy{tf, eo, 7"n7"nf ck;s'g
tyf sl7gfOx¿ kf/ u/]sf dflg;x¿af6 w]/} h;f] ;'lgG5 .
s;} s;}n] dflg;sf] d'lQmsf] nflu O{Zj/sf] cfjZostf ePsf]
7fGb5g\ . olb d'lQmsf] wfld{s l;4fGt :jLsf/ u/]df dfq of]
ts { sfdofjL xG' 5 t/ af4} x¿ o:tf ] l;4fGt :jLsf/ ubg{} g \ .
cfºg} cg'ejsf] cfwf/df a'4n] b]Vg'eof] ls k|To]s dflg;;“u
dg z4' ug,{] c;Ld bof / s¿0ffsf ] ljsf; tyf oyfy { afw]
ug {] Ifdtf 5 . p;n ] cfºgf ] Wofg :jua{ f6 xb[ odf tfGof ] /
cfTdafw] af6 cfºgf ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug {] ;fx; xfdLx¿nfO{
lbof] .
k|Zg– olb O{Zj/ g} gePsf] eP a|Dxf08 s;/L eof] <
pQ/ M ;a} wd{x¿sf cfºg} k/Dk/f / syfx¿ 5g\ h;n] o;
k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbg]5g\ . k|frLgsfndf dflg;x¿n] yfxf gkfPsf]
sf/0fn ] To:tf kf/} fl0fs syfx¿ g } kz| :t lyP . t/ aL;f+}
ztfAbLdf ef}lts zf:q, gIfq lj1fg / k[YjL lj1fgsf] o'udf
To:tf kf}/fl0fs syfx¿nfO{ j}1flgs tYox¿n] pl5g] . lj1fgn]
a|Dxf08sf] ;[li6af/] O{Zj/ efjgfdf gnfu]/ g} j0f{g u/]sf] 5 .
26 a$' wd { / OZ{ j/jfb k|Zgf]Q/ 27
k|Zg M a|Dxf08sf] pTklQaf/] a'4n] s] eGg'ePsf] 5 <
pQ/ M a4' n ] aD| xf08sf ] pTklQaf/ ] ug {' ePsf ] JofVof j1} flgs
b[li6sf]0fdf ax't} glhs ePsf] / cToGt rfv nfUbf] 5 .
cU~` ;Q' df a4' n ] ljZjsf ] gfz ePsf ] / nfvf +} jifs{ f ] ;dodf
kg' M jtd{ fg cj:yfdf kf| be' fj{ ePsf ] s/' f j0fg{ uge{' Psf ] 5 .
kfgLsf] ;txdf klxnf] hLjfTdfsf] kl/jt{g / km]l/ c;+Vo nfv
jif{df ;/n 9+uaf6 c;fwf/0f hLjfTdfsf] k|fb'ef{j x'G5 . oL
;a} ljlwx¿ z'¿ / cGTo ljgfsf x'g\ / k|fs[lts sf/0fx¿af6
cl:y/ 5g\ .
kZ| g M tkfO +{ eGgx' G' 5 ls OZ{ j/sf ] cl:tTjsf ] sg' } kd| f0fx¿ g}
5}gg\ . t/ cgf}7f 36gfx¿af/] s] ljrf/ 5 t <
pQ/ M oxf“ cgf}7f 36gfx¿ 36\g' g} O{Zj/sf] cl:tTjsf] k|df0f
xf ] egL ljZjf; ugx{] ¿ w/] } g } 5g \ . /fu] r§ } lgsf ] eof ] egL
Psbd } bfaL u/s] f ] s/' f t xfdL ;G' b5f +} . t/ Pshgf 8fS6/ jf
;hg{ sf ] Pp6f :jtGq kd| f0f eg ] slxNo } klg kfpb“ g} f +} . xfdLn]
kmnfgf] eo+s/ vt/faf6 cgf}7f] 9+un] aRof] /] eGg] c¿x¿af6
;G' b5f +} t/ jf:tjdf s ] ePsf ] lyof ] eGg ] bV] gs] f ] aofg slxNo}
kfpb“ g} f +} . xfdLx¿n ] kf| yg{ f ubf { /fu] Lsf ] z/L/df zlQm kb| fg
eof] jf Pp6f sfd gnfUg] ePsf] c+udf an cfP/ k"g{ lgsf]
eof ] eGg ] xNnf ;G' b5f +} . t/ xfdLx¿n ] slxNo } klg PS;/]
xb] g{} f } jf 8fS6/ jf g;s{ f ] l6Kk0fL ;G' bg} f } . To; } To; } Psbd}
bfjL ug,{] c¿x¿af6 ;G' g ] / xNnfx¿ 7f;] kd| f0f ljgf lng
;lsGg, cgf}7f 36gfx¿sf] 7f]; k|df0f b'n{e k|foM x'G5 . t}klg,
slxn] sf“xL j0f{g gul/Psf] s'/f x'g ;Sb5 . cfzf gul/Psf]
36gf 36g\ ;Sb5 t/ To:tf s/' fx¿ j0fg{ ug {] xfdLx¿sf]
c;dyt{ fn ] OZ{ j/sf ] cl:tTj 5 eGg ] kd| fl0ft ubg{} . o;n]
xfdLx¿df 1fg cem} ck'/f] 5 eGg] dfq k|dfl0ft ub{5 .
cfw'lgs cf}iflwlj1fgsf] ljsf; x'g'eGbf klxn] ha dflg;x¿nfO{
;hfo“ lbg O{Zj/n] /f]unfO{ k7fOlbPsf] xf] eGg] ljZjf; ub{y] .
cfhef]ln /f]u s;/L nfUb5 eGg] s'/f xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 / /f]u
nfus] f ] an] fdf cfi} flwsf ] ;j] g ub5{ f +} . ha xfdLx¿nfO { o;
;+;f/sf] k"/f 1fg x'G5 To;a]nf j0f{g gul/Psf 36gfx¿ s]
sf/0fn ] xG' 5g \ eGg ] s/' f a‰' g ;dy { xg' 5] f +} h;/L cfhefl] n
xfdLx¿n] /f]u s;/L nfUbf] /x]5 eGg] hfGb5f} .
k|Zg M t/ TolQsf dflg;x¿n] O{Zj/sf] Ps g Ps ¿kdf
ljZjf; ub{5g\ . of] t ;To g} x'g'k5{ <
pQ/ M To;f] xf]Og . To:tf] klg ;do lyof] . ha k|To]sn]
k[YjL r]K6f] 5 eGg] ljZjf; ub{y] . t/ ltgLx¿ ;a} unt
lyP . slt hgf dflg;x¿n] To; s'/fnfO{ ljZjf; ub{5g\
eGg] s'/f jf ljrf/n] ;Totf jf c;TotfnfO{ gfKg ;lsb}g .
28 a$' wd { / OZ{ j/jfb k|Zgf]Q/ 29
s'g} s'/f jf ljrf/ ;To xf] jf em"7f] xf] eGg] s'/f xfdLx¿n]
eGg ;Sg] Pp6f pkfo jf af6f] xf]– jf:tljs 36gfnfO{ tyf
kd| f0fx¿nfO { sn] fP/ xg] {' .
kZ| g M olb af4} x¿n ] OZ{ j/dfly ljZjf; ubg{} g \ eg ] s ] df
ljZjf; u5{g\ t <
pQ/ M xfdL OZ{ j/df ljZjf; ubg{} f +} lsgeg ] xfdL dflg;df
ljZjf; ub{5f}+ . k|To]s dfgj cd"No / dxOEjk"0f{ 5 eGg]
ljZjf; ub5{ f +} lsg ls ;ad} f ;j1{ tf a4' OEjsf ] ljsf; ug{]
Ifdtf 5 . xfdL ljZjf; ub{5f}+ ls dflg;n] c1fgtf /
cljj]sLkgnfO{ x6fpg ;S5 / ;a} s'/fx¿nfO{ oyfy{ ¿kdf
xg] { ;S5 . xfdL ljZjf; ub5{ f +} ls 30[ ff, /L;, åi] f Oi{ ofn{ fO{
dfof, w}o{, pbf/tf / bofn'kgn] abNg ;lsG5 . a'4sf] k|fltxfo{sf]
k/]| 0ffn ] / af4} cgo' foLx¿sf ] lgbz{] g tyf ;xofu] df dflg;n]
sf]zL; u/]df oL ;a} s'/fx¿nfO{ cfºgf] xftdf kfg{ ;lsG5
eGg ] ljZjf; ub5{ f +} .
cfkm}n] afx]s xfdLnfO{ s;}n] arfp“b}g . g arfpg
;S5 g arfp“5 g} . xfdL cfkm}n] af6f]df lx+8\g' kb{5 . a'4n]
af6f] ;kmf;“u b]vfpg' ePsf] 5 .
wDdkb !^%
v
30 a$' wd { / OZ{ j/jfb 31
4= k~rzLn
k|Zg M c¿ wd{x¿df s'g 7Ls 5 s'g unt 5 eGg] s'/f O{Zj/
jf O{Zj/x¿sf] jf0fLaf6 lnOG5 . af}4x¿ O{Zj/df ljZjf;
ub}{gg\ To;sf/0f s'g 7Ls s'g a]7Ls eGg] s'/f s;/L yfxf
kfpg' x'G5 <
pQ/ M nf]e, 3[0ff tyf e|daf6 pAh]sf] s'g} klg ljrf/, efif0f
cyjf sfox{ ¿ lgjf0{ fdfua{ f6 6f9f nfg ] xb“' f oL v/fa 5g \ /
sg' } klg ljrf/x¿, efif0f cyjf sfox{ ¿ bfg, kd]| / 1fgaf6
pAHof ] eg ] lgjf0{ fdfu { :jR5 kfgd{ f d2t ug {] xb“' f oL c;n
5g\ .
O{Zj/df s]lGb|t wd{x¿df s'g 7Ls 5 / s'g unt 5
eGg ] s/' f yfxfkfpg tkfOx+{ ¿nfO { h ] elgPsf ] 5 ;f ] ug {] sfz] Lz
ugk{' b5{ , t/ a4' wd { h:t } dfgj sl] Gbt| wdx{ ¿df eg ] s ] 7Ls
5 s] 7Ls 5}g eGg] yfxf kfpg cfkm} ;r]t / cfkm}n] a'‰g
;Sg ] ;fr] fOsf ] ljsf; ugk{' 5 { . 1fg / ljjs] df cfwfl/t Jojxf/
x's'dsf] k|ltpQ/df ul/Psf] Jojxf/eGbf alnof] x'G5 . To;}n]
k|Zgf]Q/
32 33
s] 7Ls s] a]7Ls eGg] yfxf kfpg af}4x¿n] tLgj6f s'/fx¿df
ljrf/ k¥' ofpg ] 5g–\ dg;fo, cfkmd} f kg {] To; sfos{ f ] ke| fj
/ c¿x¿df kg {] sfos{ f ] ke| fj . olb dg;fo c;n 5 eg ] -
bfg, kd]| / 1fgdf cfwfl/t_ olb o;n ] cfkmn} fO { d2t u5 { eg]
-dnfO{ w]/} bfgL x'g] ;xof]u u5{, w]/} dfofn' / 1fgL_ / c¿nfO{
;xof]u u5{ eg] -pgLx¿nfO{ w]/} bfgL x'g d2t u5{, w]/}
dfofn' agfp“5 / w]/} 1fgL x'G5_ ta d}n] u/]sf ;a} sfo{x¿
k"0f{, c;n tyf g}lts x'G5g\ . x'g t o;df w]/} g} cGt/x¿
5g \ . slxn ] sfx“ L d ;a } eGbf c;n dg;foaf6 sfd u5 {' t/
of] cfkm}nfO{ jf c¿nfO{ nfesf/L x'g g;Snf < slxn] sf“xL
d]/f] dg;fo c;n x'g'af6 w]/} 6f9f xf]nf t/ d]/f sfo{x¿n]
c¿x¿nfO { sd;s] d ;xofu] unfg{ \ . slxn ] sfx“ L d /fd}|
dg;fon] sfo{ u¿“nf / d]/f] sfo{n] dnfO{ ;xof]u klg b]nf
t/ o;n] ;fob c¿x¿nfO{ s]xL b'Mv xf]nf . o:tf] cj:yfdf
d]/f sfo{x¿ ldl>t x'G5g\ – Pp6f c;n / Toltsf] c;n
gePsf] ld>0f ha dg;fox¿ v/fa x'G5g\ / Tof] sfo{n] g t
dnfO{ d2t k'¥ofp“5 g t c¿nfO{ d2t lbG5 eg] To:tf] sfo{
v/fa xf] . clg ha dg;fo /fd|f] x'G5 / d]/f] sfo{n] cfkm" /
c¿ b'a}nfO{ nfesf/L x'G5 eg] Tof] sfo{ k"0f{¿kdf c;n 5 .
k|Zg M To;f] eP s] a'4wd{df -g}ltstfsf] lgod_ ljgo 5 t <
pQ/ M 5, cjZo klg 5 . k~rzLn g} af}4 ljgosf] cfwf/
xf] . klxnf] zLn xf]– k|f0fL xTofaf6 6f9f x'g' jf hLljt k|f0fLnfO{
rf]6 gk'¥ofpg' . bf];|f] xf]– rf]/Laf6 6f9f x'g', t];|f] xf]–
Jolerf/af6 6f9f x'g', rf}yf] xf]– em"7f] af]Ng'af6 6f9f /xg' /
kf“rf} xf]– dBkfg tyf c¿ nfu" kbfy{sf] ;]jgaf6 6f9f /xg' .
kZ| g M t/ slxn ] sfx“ L dfg {' klg c;n xG' 5 . pbfx/0fsf ] nflu
/fu] kmn} fpg ] ls6f0fx' ¿nfO { dfg {' jf To;nfO { h;n ] tkfOn+{ fO { g}
dfg5{] . xfO] g / <
pQ/ M tkfOn+{ fO { of ] s/' f /fdf| ] nfUg ;S5 t/ Tof ] a:t ' jf
k|f0fLnfO{ s:tf] nfUnf < ltgLx¿ klg tkfO{+ h:t} hLjg
rfxG5g \ . ha tkfO +{ /fu] kmn} fpg ] sL/f dfg {] lg0fo{ lngx' G' 5 .
ta tkfO{+sf] dg;fo ;fob cfkm}l;t ;DalGwt -c;n_ /
t'¿Gt b]vfPsf] k|ltlqmof -v/fa_ sf] Pp6f ld>0f xf]nf . To;
sfon{ ] tkfO +{ cfkmn} fO { nfesf/L xfn] f -c;n_ t/ To; sL6f0fn' fO{
eg] cjZo klg nfesf/L x'g] 5}g . To;sf/0f slxn] sf“xL
dfg {' kg {] cfjZos xfn] f . t/ o;f ] ug {' k0" ft{ of slxNo } klg
/fd|f] x'g] 5}g .
kZ| g M tkfO +{ af4} x¿ sldnf / p8;' x¿;Dd klg w/] } g } Vofn
/fVg' x'G5 .
k~rzLn k|Zgf]Q/
34 35
pQ/ M af}4x¿ s'g} klg e]befj ljgf ;a}nfO{ ;d]6]/ s¿0ffsf]
ljsf; ug {] sfod{ f bQlrQ xG' 5g \ . ltgLx¿n ] o; ;;+ f/nfO{
g} Pp6f k"0f{ Pstfdf cfa4 b]Vb5g\ hxf“ k|To]s a:t' tyf
hLjfTdfx¿sf] cfºg} :yfg / sfo{x¿ 5g\ . ltgLx¿sf] k|s[ltsf]
;'dw'/ ;Gt'ngnfO{ laufg'{ jf gfz ug'{ eGbf klxn] cfkm"
Psbd} xf]lzof/ x'g' kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; /fVb5g\ . xfd|f]
To:tf ] ;:+ sl[ tnfO { x/] f +} t hg' ks| l[ tnfO { ;s;] Dd a9L zfi] f0f
ugl{] t/ hf8] lbOPsf ] bl] vG5 . sx] L klg afs“ L g/flvsg clGtd
yfk] f ;Dd lgrf/[] /] lng ] . o;dfly ljho / bdg ug {] cflb
h:tf sf]k k|s[ltn] b]vfpg yfNof] . xfjf klg ljiffSt x'g
yfNof], vf]nf gfnf b"lift eO{ ;'s]/ uP . TolQsf w]/} ;'Gb/
hgfj/x¿ b'n{e x'“b}5g\ . xl/ofnL kxf8sf eL/x¿ phf8
eP/ lvO“b} uP . xfjfkfgL g} klg abln/x]5 . olb dflg;x¿
df:g,] gfz ug {] / dfg {] sfddf clnslt sd dfqfdf dfq
pT;'s ePsf eP klg o:tf] eo+s/ cj:yfsf] ;[hgf g} x'g]
lyPg xf]nf . xfdLx¿ ;a}n] hLjgnfO{ cln a9L dfqfdf cfb/
;Tsf/sf ] ljsf;ug {] af6fl] t/ nufpg ' kb5{ .
k|Zg M em"7f] af]Ng] af/] s] 5 t < s] em"7f] gaf]lnsg af“Rg
;Dej 5 t <
pQ/ M olb em"7f] gaf]lnsg ;dfhdf jf Jojxf/df a:g ;f“Rr}
k~rzLn k|Zgf]Q/
g} c;Dej 5 eg] To:tf] b'MvbfoL tyf e|i6 cj:yfsf]
jftfj/0fnfO { g } kl/jtg{ ug {' kb5{ . af4} x¿ To:tf xg' \ h;n]
a9L ;To / ljZjfl;nf ] xg' ] sfz] Lz ub {} ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg
ug {] / a9L ; ] a9L oyfy { xg' ] kl| t1f lnG5g \ .
k|Zg M 7Ls 5, dfbs kbfy{sf] af/]df s] 5 t < sd dfqfdf ;]jg
u¥of ] eg ] t xfgL ubg{} xfn] f <
pQ/ M dflg;x¿ :jfbsf ] nflu dfbs kbfy { ;j] g ubg{} g \ .
ha ltgLx¿ PSn} lkp“5g t Tof] cfºgf] tgfj / lrGtfx¿af6
5'6sf/f kfpgsf] nflu lkp“5g\ . t/ ha ;fd"lxs ¿kdf lkp“5g\
eg ] To;n ] ;j] g ug {] afgL a;fN5 . clnslt dfqfdf ePklg
dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg ugf{n] cfºgf] r]tgfdf wSsf nfU5 / cfkm"
;r]t /xgdf afwf k'¥ofp“b5 . w]/} dfqfdf ;]jg u¥of] eg] t
To;sf] k|efj eo+s/ gfzjfg\ g} x'g]5 .
k|Zg M t/ Psbd} sd dfqfdf lkpg' Ps ;fdfGo s'/f] xf] . o;/L
yf/] } lkpb“ f zLn eË xb“' g} xfn] f, xG' 5 / <
pQ/ M xf,] of ] t ;fgf ] s/' fd] fq xf ] . olb ;fgf ] s/' f ] klg t tkfO+{
cEof; ug { ;Sg ' xG' g eg ] tkfOs+{ f ] nugzLntf / kl| t1f
cjZo klg v's'nf] x'g]5, xf]Og / <
kZ| g M k~rzLn gsf/fTds 5 . To;n ] s ] s ] ug {' xb“' g} eGg]
36 37
s/' f atfp5“ . t/ s ] s ] ug {' xG' 5 eGg ] s/' f ] atfpb“ g} g \ . s ] of]
;f“rf] xf] <
pQ/ M k~rzLn af}4 ljgosf cfwf/x¿ x'g\ . Toltdfq g} ;a}
xfO] gg \ . xfdLx¿n ] cfºgf v/fa cfr/0fx¿ kQf nufpb“ } hfG5f+}
/ To:tf ] uga{ f6 /fl] sg ] -aRg] sfz] Lz u5f +{} . o;s} f ] nflu g}
k~rzLn cfjZos ePsf] xf] . v/fa sfd ug{ 5f]8]kl5 c;n
sfou{ g { z¿' u5f +{} . pbfx/0fsf ] nflu Ps k;| u+ lncf +} . a4'
eGgx' G' 5 ls– xfdLx¿n ] em7" f ] afN] ga' f6 6f9f /xg z¿' ugk{' b5{ .
To;kl5 xfdLx¿n] ;To af]Ng'kb{5 . lj:tf/} gd| eP/ af]Ng'kb{5
/ 7Ls ;dodf af]Ng'kb{5 . pxf“ eGg' x'G5–
æem7" f ] afN] g 5f8] o\ f ] eg ] pm ;fr“ f,] e/kbf,{] ljZjfl;nf,]
kTofp“bf] s'/f af]Ng] x'G5 . p;n] ljZjnfO{ 5sfp“b}g . sk6k"0f{
af]nL af]Ng 5f]8\of] eg] p;n] otf ;'g]sf] s'/f ptf bf]xf]¥ofpg]
5}g gt dflg;x¿sf aLrdf e]befj Nofpg] vfnsf] ptf
;'g]sf] s'/f g} otf Nofpg] 5 . p;n] d]n gePsfx¿nfO{
ldnfO lbg]5 / b'a} ;fyLx¿nfO{ emg\ glhsdf NofOlbg]5 .
;dfgtf g} p;sf] v'zL xf] . ;dfgtf g} p;sf] cfgGb xf] .
;dfgtf g} p;sf] dfof xf] . oxL g} p;sf] af]nLsf] d'Vo Wo]o
xf] . ss{z af]ln TofUgfn] p;sf] af]nL bf]if/lxt x'G5, ;'Ggsf]
nflu dw'/ x'G5, :jLsf/ of]Uo x'G5, leq Xbo;Dd k'Ub5, gd|
k~rzLn k|Zgf]Q/
x'G5 / ;a}n] dg k/fp“b5g\ . asjf; ug{ 5f]8\gfn] 7Ls
;dodf hf] 7Ls 5, ;+If]kdf wd{ / ljgosf] af/]df af]Ng] u5{ .
p;n] ;+lrt ug{ ;Sg], ;dof]lrt, sf/0fo'Qm, /fd|/L JofVof
ug{ ;Sg] / 7Ls 7Ls zAbx¿ af]N5 .Æ
d=lg= !&(
k|Zg M s;} s;}n] eGg] u5{g\ ls O{Zj/ jf O{Zj/x¿sf] zlQmsf]
e/ u/]/dfq dflg; c;n x'G5 .
pQ/ M of ] ;/f;/ c;To xf ] . nfvf +} nfv :jtGq ljrf/s /
af}4x¿ 5g\ h;sf cfr/0f gd| / c;n 5g\ . cfhef]lnsf]
nflu dfq xfO] g t/ ;w +} g } h;/L ;jz{ lQmdfg \ ljZjf; ugx{] ¿sf
dfemdf 5g \ . olb tkfO +{ :jR5 Xbon ] sfz] Lz ugx{' G' 5 eg]
tkfO +{ cfºgf ] cfr/0f z4' ug { ;Sgx' G' 5 / olb tkfO +{ k0" f¿{ kdf
z4' xg' ;Sg ' ePg eg ] tkfO +{ lgZro kg cem c;n xg' ;Sg]
sfz] Lz ugx{' g' 5] .
38 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 39
k|Zg M dflg; sxf“af6 cfPsf] xf] / sxf“ hf“b}5 <
pQ/ M o; k|Zgsf] tLg j6f ;DefJo pQ/x¿ 5g\ . JolQmsf]
;h[ gf xg' e' Gbf klxn ] p;sf ] cl:tTj xb'“ g} . OZ{ j/sf ] OR5faf6
p;sf] hGd x'G5 eGg] s'/f O{Zj/ jf O{Zj/df ljZjf; /fVg]x¿n]
k|foM h;f] bfaL ub{5g\ . pm cfºgf] hLjg lgjf{x ub{5 clg
cfkm"n] ljZjf; u/] cg';f/ jf hLjgdf cfkm"n] u/]sf] cg';f/
ls t :ju{df hfG5 ls t g/sdf . Toxf“ c¿x¿ klg 5g\–
dfgjjfbLx¿ tyf j}1flgsx¿ h;n] k|fs[lts sf/0fx¿n]
ubf{ JolQmx¿sf] hGd x'G5 eGg] s'/f bfjL u5{g\, hLp“5g\ clg
d/0f;“u} cl:tTj d]6\b5g\ . a'4wd{n] oL b'a} JofVofx¿nfO{
:jLsf/ ubg{} .
klxnf]n] w]/} g} Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ v8f ub{5 .
olb xfdLx¿ k|To]snfO{ Pp6f c;n O{Zj/n] ;f“Rr} g} ;[hgf
u/]sf] xf] eg] of] aofg ug{ sl7g 5 ls Tolt w]/}sf] ;+Vofdf
lsg dflg;x¿ eo+s/ ljs[ltsf ;fy hGd lnG5g\ jf Tolt
5= k'gh{Gd
w]/} ;+Vofdf aRrf hGdg' eGbf cl3 g} d5{g\ jf t}klg hGdG5g\ .
csf {] OZ{ j/jfbL aofgdf ;d:of of ] 5 ls kY[ jLdf vfln ^)
cyjf &) jif{ cfkm"n] u/]sf] cg'lrt sfdsf] nflu g/sdf
cgGt bM' v ;xg ' kg {] s/' f Gofofl] rt ePg . ^) jf &) jifs{ f]
cljZjf; cyjf cg}lts lgjf{xn] cToGt b'Mv j]bgf kfpg
;Sb}g . To;/L g} ^) jf &) jif{sf] c;n lgjf{xn] :ju{df w]/}
sddfqfdf dfq cgGt ;'v kfOG5 .
bf>] f ] JofVof klxnfe] Gbf c;n 5 / o;nfO { ki[ 6L ug{]
w]/} k|df0fx¿ 5g\ t/ cem} klg w]/} dxTjk"0f{ k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm
kfpg af“sL g} 5 . b'Oj6f tGt'x¿, jLo{ / c08fsf] ;fwf/0f
;+of]uaf6 r]tgf h:tf] cfZro{hgs hl6n k|fs[lts 36gfsf]
ljsf; s;/L x'g ;S5 < clg ca dgf]lj1fg lj1fgsf] Pp6f
dfGotf k|fKt zfvf e};s]sf] 5 . dfgl;s ljrf/sf] cfbfg
k|bfg h:tf] k|fs[lts 36gf dgsf] ef}lts 9f“rfdf ldnfpg
c;fWo sl7g x'G5 .
dflg; sxf“af6 cfof] / pm sxf“ hf“b}5 eGg] s'/fsf]
;a}eGbf ;Gtf]ifk"0f{ JofVof a'4wd{n] k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ha xfd|f]
d[To' x'G5 o; hLjgdf 36a9 k|fyldstf, of]Uotfsf nIf0fx¿n]
ljsl;t tyf zt{ o'Qm dg k'gM k|hggzLn c08fdf cfkm}
:yflkt x'G5 . o;/L JolQm a9\5 / k'gh{Gd x'G5, b'a} lnP/
cfPsf dfgl;s nIf0fx¿ / gof“ jftfj/0fn] zt{o'Qm JolQmTjsf]
40 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 41
ljsf; x'G5 . JolQmTjsf] kl/jt{g x'g]5 / lzIff, k}t[s k|efj
/ ;dfh h:tf sf/0fx¿n] ubf{ r]tgzLn k|of;af6 kl/nlIft
x'G5 . d[To' Psk6s km]l/ gof“ k|hggzLn c08fdf cfkm;]cfkm
k'gM :yflkt x'G5 . d[To' / k'gh{Gdsf] o; k|lqmof, t[i0ff /
c1fgtf h:tf sf/0fx¿ ;To geP;Dd lg/Gt/ /lx/xg] 5g\ .
ha tL t[i0ff / c1fgtf vtd x'G5g\ . hGdx'gsf] ;§f dg
To; cj:yfdf k|j]z x'G5 h;nfO{ lgjf{0f eGb5g\ / a'4wd{sf]
clGtd nIo / hLjgsf] d"n p2]Zo klg oxL xf] .
kZ| g M dg Pp6f z/L/af6 csf {] z/L/df s;/L hfG5 <
pQ/ M o;nfO{ /]l8of] t/Ë h:t} xf] egL ljrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
/l] 8of ] t/Ë hg' ls zAbx¿ / ;u+ Ltaf6 ags] f ] xb“' g} a¿
ljleGg lk|mSj]G;Ldf /x]sf] zlQmsf] k|;f/0f x'G5 / ;+uLt ¿kdf
k|;f/0f ePsf] 7fp“af6 cfslif{t x'G5 / l/l;e/n] ;dfT5 .
dgdf klg 7Ls o:t} x'G5 . d[To'df klg dfgl;s zlQm
cfsfzdfua{ f6 ofqf ub {} kh| ggzLn c08fdf cfslift{ xG' 5 /
To;af6 ;dfltG5 . hLjsf]if a9\b} uP/ of] dl:tisdf cfkm}
s]lGb|t x'G5, eP kl5 uP/ cfkm} gof“ JolQmTjdf k|;fl/t
x'G5 .
k|Zg M s] k|To]s dflg;sf] k'gh{Gd ;“w} dflg; eP/ g} x'G5 <
pQ/ M xf]Og . oxf“ k'gh{Gd x'g ;Sg] w]/} If]qx¿ 5g\ . s;}
s;}sf] :ju{df k'gh{Gd x'G5 . s;} s;}sf] g/sdf k'gh{Gd
x'G5 . s;}sf] ef]sfPsf e"tsf] ¿kdf k'gh{Gd x'G5 cflb .
:ju{ eGbfv]l/ s'g} Ps 7fp“ xf]Og t/ cl:tTjsf] Pp6f cj:yf
xf] hxf“ Ps cnf}lss z/L/ x'G5 / hxf“ dgn] d'Votof
v'lzofnLsf] cg'ej u5{ . s'g} s'g} wd{n] e"nn] o;nfO{ k/Gt';Dd
l6Sg] cj:yf xf] eGg] ljZjf;df :jlu{s cl:tTjdf k'gh{Gd
x'g 7"nf] sf]zLz u5{ t/ o:tf] xf]Og . zt{ o'Qm cj:yfx¿
h:t} :ju{ klg cl:y/ 5 / ha Pssf] cfo' ;lsG5, ta
dflg;sf] ¿kdf km]l/ k'gh{Gd x'g ;Sb5 . ts{ klg To;/L g}
Pp6f 7fp“ xf]Og t/ Pp6f cl:tTjsf] cj:yfsf] hxf“ Pssf]
cnf}lss z/L/ x'G5 / Toxf“ dgn] d'Votof b'Mv tyf lrGtssf]
cge' j u5 { . efs] fPsf et" kt]| xg' k' lg kml] / Pp6f cl:tTjsf]
cj:yf xf] hxf“ z/L/ cnf}lss x'G5 / dg lg/Gt/ rfxgf /
c;Gt'i6Laf6 kLl8t x'G5 .
To;}n] :jlu{s k|f0fLn] d'Votof cfgGbsf] cg'ej u5{ .
g/ssf kf| 0fLn ] / et" kt]| n ] dV' otof bM' vsi6sf ] cge' j u5{
tyf dfgj k|f0fLn] ;fwf/0ftof b'a} ld>0fsf] cg'ej u5{ .
To;}n] dfgjLo If]q / c¿ If]qx¿df d'Vo km/s xf]– z/L/sf]
lsl;d / cg'ejsf] u'0f .
kZ| g M xfdf| ] kg' hG{ d sxf “ xG' 5 eGg ] s/' fnfO { lgwf/{ 0f ug {] cfwf/
s] xf] <
42 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 43
pQ/ M xfd|f] sxf“ k'gh{Gd x'G5 / xfd|f] hLjg s:tf] x'G5 eGg]
s/' fdf ke| fj kfg {] ;ae} Gbf dxTjk0" f { s/' f sd { xf–] t/ oxL
Pp6f dfq rflx“ xf]Og . sd{ zAbn] æsfo{Æ eGg] hgfp“b5 /
xfdf| ] dg;fosf ] dfgl;s sfon{ fO { ;s+ t] ub5{ . csf {] zAbdf
eGg ] xf ] eg ] clxn ] xfdL s ] 5f +} eGg ] s/' f lats] f an] fdf xfdLn]
s;/L larf/ u¥of +} / sfo { u¥of +} eGg ] s/' fn ] w/] } h;f ] lgwfl{ /t
ub5{ . To;/L g } clxn ] xfdL s;/L ljrf/ u5f +{} / s ] sfo { u5f+{}
eGg ] s/' fn ] eljiodf xfdL s:tf ] xg' 5] f +} eGg ] s/' fdf ke| fj
kf5{ .
gd| / bofjfg\ JolQm :ju{df k'gh{Gd x'g] x'G5 cyjf
;'vL cg'ejx¿n] e/k"/ ePsf] Pp6f dfgj h:t} x'G5 .
dxTjfsf+IfL, lrlGtt cyjf Psbd} lgb{oL lsl;dsf] JolQm
g/s If]qdf k'gh{Gd x'g] cyjf b'Mv} b'Mvsf] cg'ejn] k"0f{ Pp6f
dfgj h:t} x'G5 . slxNo} klg ;Gt'i6 x'g g;Sg] a[xt\ t[i0ff,
dfx] / a9L dxTjfsfI+ fL JolQmsf ] kg' hG{ d efs] fPsf ] et" kt]| sf]
¿kdf x'G5 cyjf Tof] dfof / OR5faf6 c;Gt'i6 dflg; h:t}
x'G5 . o; hLjgdf h:tf];'s} dfgl;s afgLx¿ alno} lsl;dn]
ljsf; ePsf ] ePklg csf {] hLjgdf klg /lxg } /xg ] 5 . h]
ePklg w]/} h;f] dflg;x¿ dg'ios} ¿kdf k'gh{Gd lnG5g\ .
kZ| g M To;sf/0f xfdLx¿ cfˆgf ] sdå{ f/f lgwfl{ /t xfO] gf +} . xfdL
o;nfO { abNg ;S5f +} .
pQ/ M ;fob xfdL ;S5f +} . To;n} ] cfoc{ i6fl+ us dfus{ f ] Pp6f
v'8\lsnf] ;Dos\ k|oTg xf] . slt zlQm nufp“5f} / slQsf]
afgL kl/;Sof] eGg] s'/f xfdLx¿sf] ;f]emf]kgdf e/ kb{5 t/
sfx] L sfx] L dflg;x¿ kl/jtg{ ug {] sfz] Lz ljgf g } o:tf
b'MvbfoL kl/jt{gx¿sf] lzsf/ aGb} lat]sf afgLx¿sf] k|efjdf
;fwf/0f hLjg lgjf{x u5{g\ eGg] s'/f ;To xf] . To:tf
dflg;x¿n] cfºgf] k|lts"n afgLx¿ g;'wf/];Dd b'Mv kfOg}
/xg]5g\ . k|lts"n afgLx¿ w]/} ;do;Dd /lx/x]df ltgLx¿nfO{
;'wf/ ug{ w]/} ufx|f] x'g]5 . af}4x¿n] o;nfO{ a'em]sf x'G5g\ /
kl| tsn" c;/ kfg{ ] dfgl;s afgLx¿nfO { tf8] g\ / ;v' do tyf
c;n gtLhf k|fKt x'g] vfnsf] dfgl;s afgLsf] ljsf; ug{
k|To]s df}sfsf] kmfObf lnG5g\ . s'g} t/Lsfn] af]Ng] / af]Ngaf6
/fl] sg ] tyf sfo { ug {] / sfo { uga{] f6 /fl] sg ] . h:t–} Wofg ug{]
klg cfºgf ] afgL ;w' fg {] t/Lsfx¿ dWos] f ] Ps xf ] . af4} x¿sf]
;Dk0" f { hLjg g } dgnfO { z4' ug {] / :jtGq /fVg ] kl| zIf0f xf ] .
h:tf ] ls olb klxns] f ] hLjgdf tkfOs+{ f ] rl/q bofn ' / wo} j{ fg\
lyof] eg] o; hLjgdf klg To:t} vfnsf] x'G5 . oxL o;
hLjgdf klg tL ;b' 9[ xb“' } ljsf; eof ] eg ] eljiosf ] hLjgdf
klg a9L dfqfdf k'gM ;dfj]z x'G5 . of] w]/} afgL al;;s]sf]
s'/fnfO{ tf]8\g sl7g x'G5 eGg] Pp6f ;fwf/0f tyf b]Vg
;lsg] s'/fdf cfwfl/t 5 .
44 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 45
ca, olb tkfO +{ wL/ / bofjfg \ xg' x' G' 5 eg ] ;fwf/0ftof
tkfO +{ c¿sf ] jxsfjdf nfUg ' xG' g eGg ] yfxf xG' 5 . tkfOs+{ f
ug' f;fx¿ sx] L xb“' g} g \ . dflg;x¿n ] tkfOn+{ fO { dg k/fpb“ 5g\
To;n} ] tkfOs+{ f ] cge' j ;v' lt/ a9L 9Nss] f ] xG' 5 . xfdL ca
csf {] pbfx/0f lncf +} tkfOs+{ f ] cfºgf ] kg' hG{ dsf ] dfgl;s cfr/0fn]
ubf { tkfO +{ wo} j{ fg \ / bofnk' gsf ] hg' L lnP/ cfpg ' eof ] t/
clxns] f ] hLjgdf tkfOs+{ f ] To:tf ] afgL ax] f/] fnfO { alnof ] ug {] /
ljsf; ug {] sfod{ f xn] rqmØfO “ ugx{' G' 5 eg ] ltgLx¿ lj:tf/}
lj:tf/} sdhf]/ x'g]5g\ / vQd x'g]5g\ . clg ;fob eljiosf]
hLjgdf k"0f{tof /xg] 5}gg\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf w}o{ / bofn'kgsf]
sdLn ] ubf { o; hLjgdf jf csf {] hLjgdf l56 } ;Gsg,] l/;fxf,
b'i6kg a9\g] / To;sf] ljsf; x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 h;n] ubf{
To:tf efjgfx¿ cfpg'sf] ;fy} tLtf / g/dfOnf cg'ejx¿
dfq Nofp“b5g\ .
xfdLx¿ Pp6f clGtd pbfx/0f lnG5f } . dflglncf +} ls
tkfOs+{ f ] cfºgf ] clGtd hLjgsf ] dfgl;s cfr/0fn ] ubf { Ifl0fs
;Gsg] / l/;fpg] afgL a]xf]/f lnP/ clxn]sf] h'gLdf cfpg' ef]
t/ To:tf] afgLn] vfln g/dfOnf] dfq t'Nofp“b5 eGg] dx;';
ugx{' G' 5 . tkfO +{ To;nfO { ;sf/fTds efjgfx¿n ] abNgx' G' 5 .
olb tkfO +{ To;nfO { k0" f { tl/sfn ] d6] fpg ;Sg ' xG' 5 eg ] -hg'
tkfOn+{ ] sfz] Lz uge{' P ;Dej klg 5 ._ tkfO +{ g/dfOnfk] gaf6
dQ' m xg' x' g' 5] clg To;sf/0f tkfO +{ To;nfO { kl/jtg{ ug{
sfz] Lz ugx{' G' 5 . To;nfO { ;sf/fTds efjgfåf/f abNgx' G' 5 .
olb tkfO +{ To;nfO { k0" ft{ of d6] fpg ;kmn xg' e' of ] eg ] olb
tkfO +{ sfz] Lz ugx{' G' 5 eg ] of ] ;Dej klg 5 . tkfO +{ Ifl0fs
;Gsg] / l/;sf] sf/0fn] x'g] g/dfOnf]kgaf6 d'Qm x'g'x'g] 5 .
olb tkfO +{ To:tf ] afgL Joxf/] fnfO { vfln lkmtnf ] dfq kfgx{' G' 5
eg] To:tf] s'/f csf{ hGddf k'gM k|fb'ef{j x'G5 hxf“ clnslt
dfq sf]zLz u/]df klg ltgLx¿nfO{ k"0f{tof d]6fpg ;Sg'x'g]5
/ ltgLx¿sf] g/dfOnf] k|efjaf6 d'Qm x'g ;Sg'x'g]5 .
kZ| g M tkfOn+{ ] kg' hG{ dsf ] ljifodf w/] } eGge' of ] t/ d/k] l5 kml] /
hGd x'G5 eGg] s] s] k|df0f 5 t <
pQ/ M o;df af}4x¿sf] k'gh{Gddflysf] ljZjf;nfO{ 6]jf lbg]
j}1flgs k|df0fdfq xf]Og ls oxL Pp6fdfq d/0ff]k/fGtsf]
l;4fGt xf] h;sf] ;dy{gdf s]xL k|df0fx¿ kfOG5g\ . :ju{sf]
cl:tTj 5 egL kd| fl0ft ug {] sg' } Pp6f klg kd| f0f 5g} /
;fob d[To'df ;Dk"0f{ gfz x'G5 eGg] k|df0fdf sdL xf]nf t/
lat]sf #) jif{x¿df dgf]j}1flgsx¿n]– s]xL dflg;x¿n]
klxns] f ] hGdsf ] af/d] f oyfy { ;Demgf xb“' f/] x5] eGg ] kl| tjb] gaf/]
cWoog ul//x]sf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu a]nfotdf Pp6L %
jifs{ L s6] Ln ] p;sf cs {} cfdf afas' f ] ;Demgf ug { ;S5 ' egL
/ p;n] af]n]sf oyfy{tfdf c¿ g} JolQmsf] hLjgdf 36]sf
46 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 47
36gfx¿sf] cfef; x'G5 . Toxf“ dgf]j}1flgsx¿ af]nfOP .
clg ltgLx¿n ] p;nfO { ;of +} kZ| gx¿ u/ ] h;sf ] pQ/ p;n]
lbO{ . p;n] cfkm" Pp6f ljlzi6 ufp“df a:g] u/]sf] s'/f]sf]
af]nL h'g :k]g h:tf] a'lemGYof] . p;n] ufp“sf] gfp“ lbO{ .
cfkm" a;]sf] ;8ssf] gfd, p;sf l5d]sLx¿sf] gfd atfO{ /
Toxf“ p;sf] hLjgsf] lbg rof{sf] af/]df k"0f{ ljj/0f lbO{ .
clg uxe/L cf“z' kf/L cfkm"nfO{ s;/L Pp6f df]6/sf/n] 7Ss/
lbPsf] lyof] / b'O{ lbgkl5 ToxL 3fpx¿sf kL8fn] d/]sL lyO{ .
ha oL ljj/0fx¿nfO{ s]nfP/ a'emL x]bf{ tL ;a} 7Ls /x]5g\ .
:k]gdf Pp6f ufp“ lyof] h;sf] gfd ;f] % jif{sL aflnsfn]
eg]sL lyO{ . p;n] lbPsf gfdsf] ;8sdf p;n] j0f{g u/]
h:t} Pp6f 3/ lyof] . cem a9L of] kQf nfUof] ls To; 3/df
a:g] u/]sL Pp6L @# jifL{of dlxnf kf“r jif{ klxn] Pp6f
df]6/sf/ b'3{6gfaf6 dfl/PsL lyO{ . ca a]nfotdf a:g] u/]sL
% jifL{of aflnsf hf] :k]gdf slxNo} guPsf]nfO{ oL ;a} ljj/0f
s;/L yfxf kfO{ < clg ;fob o:tf] k|sf/sf] 36gf oxL Pp6f
dfq klg xf]Og . elh{lgof ljZjljBfnosf] dgf]lj1fg ljefusf
k|fWofks cfog:6]d]G;gn] cfºgf k':tsx¿df bh{gf}+ o:tf
ks| f/sf cj:yfsf 36gfx¿sf ] j0fg{ uge{' Psf ] 5 . pxf “ Ps
Vofltk|fKt j}1flgs x'g'x'G5 h;sf] &% jif{ nfdf] cjlw klxn]sf]
hLjgsf ] ;Demgf ug {] dflg;x¿sf ] cWoog g } kg' hG{ dsf ] ljifodf
af}4 lzIffsf] Pp6f cToGt alnof] k|df0f xf] .
k|Zg M s]xL JolQmx¿n] cjZo eGnfg\ ls cfˆgf] k"j{hLjgsf]
;:+ d/0f ug { ;Sg ] sfd kt]| x¿sf ] xf ] .
pQ/ M of ] t kt]| x¿sf ] sfd xf ] eg ] h:t } tkfOn+{ fO { ljZjf;
gnfUg] eP h:t} ;a}s'/fnfO{ vfln kG5fpg ;ls“b}g . ha s'g}
klg ljrf/nfO{ 6]jf lbg] alnof] / 7f]; k|df0f ldN5 eg] To;sf]
;fdgf ug { tkfOn+{ ] ljjs] / tsk{ 0" f { tsx{ ¿ ko| fu] ugk{' 5–{
kt]| x¿sf ] af/d] f h:t } cljjs] k0" f { / cGwljZjf;sf ] s/' fn ] xfO] g .
kZ| g M kt]| sf ] af/d] f s/' f ubf { tkfOn+{ ] cGwljZjf; eGg ' eof ] . s]
k'gh{Gdsf] af/]df s'/f ubf{ klg clnslt cGwljZjf; g} ePg
/ <
pQ/ M cGwljZjf;nfO{ zAbsf]ifn] kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 ls–
æPp6f ljZjf; hg' sf/0f jf ;Totfdf cfwfl/t xb“' g} t/
hfb"df h:t} ljrf/x¿sf] ;dli6df cfwfl/t x'G5Æ olb Pp6f
j1} flgsn ] kt]| sf ] cl:tTjaf/ ] uxlsnf ] cWoog u/L nl] vPsf]
bv] fpg ;Sgx' G' 5 eg ] d kt]| x¿df ljZjf; ug {' cGwljZjf;
xfO] g eGg ] 7fGg5] ' t/ dn} ] kt]| x¿sf ] ;DaGwdf cg;' Gwfg
u/]sf] slxNo} klg ;'g]sf] 5}g . j}1flgsx¿ To:tf] s'/fdf
cWoog u//] emGem6df km:g rfxb“ g} g \ . To;n} ] d eG5 ' kt]| sf]
cl:tTjaf/] s]xL klg k|df0f 5}g t/ clxn] e/v/} xfdLn]
k'gh{Gd x'g ;S5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ 6]jf lbg] vfnsf] k|df0f 5 eGg]
48 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 49
yfxf kfof +} . To;n } kg' hG{ dsf ] ljZjf; ;fwf/0ftof sx] L ;Totfdf
cfwfl/t 5 eg] of] cGwljZjf; x'g ;Qm}g .
kZ| g M 7Ls 5 . To;fe] P kg' hG{ ddf ljZjf; ug {] sx] L j1} flgs
lyP t <
pQ/ M cjZo lyP . yfd] ; xS;n,] hf ] !( cf +} ztfAbLdf al[ 6z
:s"n l;:6ddf lj1fg lzIff k|j]z u/fpg]df hjfkmb]xL lyP /
k'gh{Gd eg]sf] ;k|dfl0fs x'g ;Sg] ljrf/ xf] egL ljZjf;
ul/g] 8flj{gsf] l;4fGtnfO{ arfpg] klxnf] j}1flgs klg lyP .
pgsf] gfdL k':ts "Evolution and Ethics and other
essays" df eGb5g\– cfTdf :yfgfGt/0fsf] l;4fGtdf o;sf]
pTklQaf/] a|fDx0f jf af}4 h'g;'s} lsl;dsf cGbfhx¿ kfOPklg
zG" oaf6 dflg;df hfg ;Sg ] kf| dfl0fs bi[ 6fGt lgdf0{ f ug{]
pkfox¿ ;a} tof/ 5g\ . t/ klg o:tf lsl;dsf ts{x¿
c¿eGbf sd k|fdfl0fs g} x'G5g\ / c¿ eGbf tLa| ljrf/x¿n]
cgf7} fk] gsf ] cfefifsf ] cfwf/df c:jLsf/ ug5{] . kf| be' fj{ sf]
l;4fGt h:t}, cfTdf–:yfgfGt/0f oyfy{tfsf] ;+;f/df c+s'l/t
5, h;sf] ;dy{gdf oy]i6 dfqfdf ;fb[Zotf /x]sf] 5 eGg]
s'/fnfO{ 7f]s]/ eGg ;lsG5 .
:jL8]gsf gfdL vuf]nzf:qL, ef}ltszf:qL tyf j}1flgs
cfoG;6Lgsf ;fyL k|fWofks u':tfkm :6«f]Dau{n] klg k'gh{Gdsf]
ljrf/ k|efjsf/L g} kfP .
dfgjcfTdfx¿ k'gM o; ;+;f/df cjtf/ lnG5g\ ln“b}gg\
eGg] s'/fdf dt leGgtf 5 . ;g\ !(#^ df ef/tdf ;/sf/L
clwsf/Lx¿sf] Pp6f rfv nfUbf] s]; k"0f{tof cg';Gwfg u/L
k|ltj]bg lbPsf lyP . lbNnLsL zfGtLb]jL gfd u/]sL Pp6L
s]6Ln] lbNnLeGbf kf“rzo dfOn 6f9f dy'/fdf bf];|f] hGdeGbf
Psjif{ cufl8 ;dfKt ePsf] cfºgf] k"j{hGdsf] af/]df k"0f{
oyfy{ ljj/0f lbg ;lsg\ . pgn] cfºgf nf]Ug]sf] / afnssf]
gfd atfOg\ / cfºgf] 3/ / hLjgsf] Oltxf; atfOg\ . cg';Gwfg
clwsf/Lx¿n] pgnfO{ cfºgf k"j{ gft]bf/x¿ sxf“ nu] . h;n]
pgsf] sygx¿nfO{ hf“r]/ x]/] . ef/tLo hgtfdf k'ghL{jgaf/]
ulx/f] 5fk 5 . o; s];df cgf}7f] s'/f s] 5 eg] tL s]6Ln]
c;+Vo oyfy{ s'/fx¿sf] ;Demgf ul/g\ . of] / o:t} lsl;dsf
36gfx¿nfO{ cIfo :d/0fzlQmsf] l;4fGtsf] yk k|df0fsf] ¿kdf
lng ;lsG5 .
;DdfggLo a]nfotL a}1flgs, k|fWofks h'lnog xS;n]
hf] o"g]:sf]sf dxflgb]{zs x'g'x'GYof] . k'gh{Gd j}1flgs
ljrf/wf/f;“u k"0f{tof ;fdGh:otf /fVb5 eGg] ljZjf;
ug'{x'GYof] .
æ;bfsfn hLljt /xg] cfTdfsf] v08gdf s]xL klg
50 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 51
kfO“b}g . d/0fsf] a]nfdf s'g} lsl;dn] PSnf]kg eP/ 5f]8]/
hfg] dfq xf] h;/L s'g} Pp6f lglb{i6 t/Lsfn] k|of]u ul/Psf]
oGqåf/f k7fPsf] Pp6f k|i6 j]tf/sf] ;Gb]z h:t} t/ of] ;Demg
clt cfjZos 5 ls of] a]tf/sf] ;Gb]z Tolt a]nfdfq ;Gb]z
xG' 5 ha o;nfO { csf {] Pp6f dl] zg– l/l;e/;u“ ;Dks { /fVb5 .
To;/L g} cfTdf :yfgfGt/0fdf klg ;Dej 5 . o;n] s'g}
t/Lsfn] c¿ z/L/df km]l/ k|j]z gu/];Dd s]xL klg ;f]Rb}g jf
rfn kfp“b}g . xfdLx¿sf] JolQmTj klg z/L/df o;/L cfwfl/t
xG' 5 sL afR“ g ] ljrf/ ug {' klg ;fR“ r } c;Dej xG' 5 hg' Ps}
ks| f/sf ] z/L/x¿sf ] cefjdf ;fR“ r } eg “' eg ] JolQmut xG' 5 .
s]xL s'/f 5f]8]/ uPsf] af/] d ljrf/ ug{ ;S5' h'g Pp6f
at] f/sf ] ;Gbz] n ] k;| f/ ug {] oGqn ] h:t } nfU] g ] dflg; jf :jf:gL
dflg;l;t ;DaGw /fVb5 t/ d[tssf] af/]df, Pp6fn] b]Vg
;s];Dd, ]sL klg xf]Og vfln a|Dxf08df 3'ld lx“8\g] ljleGg
k|sf/sf cj/f]wx¿ h:t} -ljs[lt_ dfq x'g\ . ha o;n] s'g}
ks| f/sf ] ux| 0f ug {] oGqn ] h:t } dfgl;s ;Dks { /fV5 ta
cfºgf] r]tgfdf k'gM kmls{G5 .Æ
cd]l/sfsf pBf]uklt x]g/L kmf]8{ h:tf Psbd}
:jfefljs tyf oyfy{jfbL JolQmn] :jLsf/ of]Uo ljrf/
k'gh{Gdaf/] kQf nufP . k'gh{Gdsf] ljrf/n] kmf]8{ cToGt
cfslif{t lyP . lsgeg] O{Zj/jfbL ljrf/ / ef}ltsjfbL ljrf/sf]
ljkl/t kg' hG{ dn ] cfºgf ] ljsf; ug {] bf;] f| ] dfs} f kb| fg ub5{ .
x]g/L kmf]8{ eGb5g\ –
æha d 5AaL; jif{sf] lyP“ ta d}n] k'gM cjtf/sf]
l;4fGtnfO { ux| 0f u/ +] . wdn{ ] o;af/ ] sx] L lbPg / sfdn ] klg
dnfO { k0" f { ;Gtfi] f u/g] . olb Pp6f hLjgaf6 csf {] hLjgdf
;u+ x| u/s] f cge' jx¿nfO { ko| fu] df Nofpg ;sg] f +} eg ] sfd
ug {' klg Joy { 5 . dn} ] kg' M cjtf/ kQf nufP “ . dn} ] aD| xf08–
of]hgf km]nf kf/] h:t} eof] . d]/f] ljrf/n] sfd ug{ ;S5 eGg]
dxz;" u/ “] . ;do sd lyof ] . d 38Lsf ;O" x{ ¿sf ] bf; afxs]
c¿ s]xL eOg . ;Ifdtf g} cg'ej xf] . s;} s;}n] o;nfO{
j/bfg jf of]Uotf eGg] u5{g\ t/ of] w]/} h'gLx¿sf] nfdf]
cg'ejsf] kmn xf] . s'g} c¿eGbf kfsf] cfTdf x'G5 / p;n] w]/}
yfxf kfp“5 . k'gM cjtf/sf] cfljisf/n] d]/f] dgnfO{ xn'sf
u¥of] . olb o; jftf{nfksf] /]s8{ ;'/lIft /fVg' x'G5 eg]
o;nfO{ n]Vg'xf]nf tf ls dflg;x¿sf] dg xn'sf kfg{ ;lsG5 .
hLjgsf] nfdf] ljrf/x¿n] lbg] zflGtaf/] c¿x¿nfO{ klg
eGg dg nfUb5 .Æ
o;sf/0f k'gh{Gd ;DaGwL af}4 lzIffnfO{ 6]jf lbg]
s]xL j}1flgs k|df0fx¿ cjZo 5g\ . oL ts{o'Qm 5g\ tyf
O{Zj/jfb / ef}ltsjfbsf l;4fGtx¿n] lbg g;s]sf k|Zgx¿sf]
hjfkm lbg of] w]/} cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . t/ of] Psbd} cf/fdbfoL
52 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 53
klg 5 . bf];|f] df}sf lbg ;Sg], o; h'gLsf cfkm"n] u/]sf
uNtLx¿ ;w' f/ ug {] dfs} f lbg ] / o; hg' Ldf hfgs] f 1fg /
ofU] otfx¿sf ] ljsf; ug {] yk ;do glbg ] hLjgsf l;4fGteGbf
v/fa c¿ s] x'g ;S5 xf]nf < t/ a'4sf] egfO cg';f/ o;
hg' Ldf tkfOn+{ ] lgjf0{ f kf| Kt ug {' ePg eg ] tkfOn+{ ] csf {] ;dodf
sfz] Lz ug {] dfs} f kfpgx' g' 5] . olb tkfOn+{ ] o; hg' Ldf uNtL
uge{' of ] eg ] csf {]{ hg' Ldf tkfO +{ cfkmn} ] ;w' f/ ug { ;Ifd xg' x' g' 5] .
;f“Rr} g} cfºgf uNtLx¿af6 l;Sg ;Ifd x'g]5 . o; h'gLdf
ug { g;ss] f jf kf| Kt ug { g;ss] f s/' fx¿ csf {] hg' Ldf /fd/| L
;Dej x'g]5 . s:tf] cgf}7f] lzIff xf] .
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pQ/ M s]xL wd{x¿n] ljZjf; ub{5g\ ls s¿0ff cyjf dfof -
b'a} ;dfg h:t} 5g\ ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ cfWoflTds u'0f xf] t/
ltgLx¿ s'g} 1fgsf] ljsf; ug{ eg] c;kmn x'G5g\ h;sf]
kmn:j¿k tkfO{+ Pp6f cToGt bofn' JolQm t/ yf]/} jf
gf;dembf/L c;n x[boL d"v{ eO{ ;dfKt x'g'x'g]5 . c¿ ljrf/sf
k4ltx¿ h:t}, lj1fgåf/f c;n t/Lsfn] 1fg ljsf; ug{
;lsG5 ha ls ;a} efjgfx¿n] s¿0ff ;lxtnfO{ dfu{b]lv
cln 6f9f /fv]df eGg] ljZjf; ub{5g\ . o;sf] gtlhf of] x'G5
ls lj1fgn] gtLhfx¿sf] 7fp“ klxn] g} cf]u6]sf] efg x'G5 /
lj1fgn ] dflg;sf ] ;j] f ugk{' 5 { p;nfO { lgoGq0f tyf lyrfl] drf]
ug {] xfO] g eGg ] ;dt] la;s{] f ] 5 . gqeg ] j1} flgsx¿n ] k/df0f'
ad, sL6f0f' gf;s tyf To:t} k|sf/sf ljsf; ug{ cfºgf a'l4
54 !fg / s?)ff k|Zgf]Q/ 55
lvofpg s;/L ;Sy] < wd{n] ;bf ;j{bf efjgfsf b'Zdg dfof
/ ljZjf;nfO{ h:t} x]t' -sf/0f_ / 1fgnfO{ x]/]sf] x'G5 . lj1fgn]
;w +} efjgfx¿ h:t } dfof / ljZjf;nfO { sf/0f / p2Z] osf]
b'Zdg h:t} x]/]sf] x'G5 . clg To;}n] ;fob hlt hlt lj1fg
ku| ltkydf nDsG5 pltplt wd { 36b\ } hfG5 . csfl{] t/, ;fR“ r}
g } ;Gtn' g tyf k0" f { JolQmut ug {] xf ] 1fg / s¿0ff . oL
ba' n} fO { tkfOn+{ ] ljsf; ub {} nfgk' b5{ eGg ] lzIff a4' wdn{ ] lbG5 .
of] cGwljZjf;df cfwfl/t geO{ cg'ejdf cfwfl/t ePsf]
xb“' f a4' wdn{ ] lj1fgbl] v tl;g{ ' kg {] sf/0f sx] L klg 5g} .
k|Zg M To;f] eP, a'4wd{ cg';f/ 1fg eg]sf] s] xf] t <
pQ/ M s'g} klg 36gfx¿ k"0f{ 5}gg\, l:y/ 5}gg\ / cfkm}df
;Lldt 5}gg\ egL oyfy{ ;TonfO{ b]Vg' g} ;a}eGbf pRr 1fg
xf] . o:tf] ;dembf/L k"0f{ :jtGq x'G5 / dxf/Iff / cgGt
;'vlt/ 8f]¥ofp“b5 h;nfO{ lgjf{0f elgG5 . To;f]eP klg a'4n]
o:tf ] cj:yfsf ] 1fg af/d] f w/] } s/' f ugx{' G' g . xfdLnfO { h]
elgPsf ] 5 olb To;nfO { dfq ljZjf; ug {] xf ] eg ] Tof ] 1fg
xf]Og . ;xL 1fg eg]sf] xfdLx¿n] k|ToIf b]Vg' / a'‰g' xf] . o;
cj:yfdf 1fg eGgfn] Xbo aGb u/L sf/0f yfxf gkfO{ c¿
c¿ larf/ ;'lg/xg' eGbf klg dgnfO{ vf]n]/ lng] a:t' xf] .
afn'jfdf cfºgf] 6fpsf] uf8]/ a:g'eGbf tYox¿nfO{ /fd|f]l;t
s]nfP/ x]g'{, xfd|f] ljZjf;;“u bf“h]/ x]g'{, k"jf{u|xL x'g' jf
kIflng'eGbf klg lqmofzLn x'g', xfdLnfO{ lbPsf] a9L efjgfTds
s/' fx¿nfO { klxn ] :jLsf/ uge{' Gbf klg xfdLx¿sf ] ljrf/ /
ljZjf; of]Uo agfpg ;do lng] clg hlxn] klg xfdLx¿sf]
ljZjf; abNg] / c¿nfO{ lrQ ga'‰g] tYox¿ hlxn] klg xfdL
;dIf /fVg cfP To;nfO { :jLsf/ ug {] . o:tf ] ug {] Pshgf
JolQm cjZo klg ljåfg \ xG' 5 / ;To 1fg kf| Kt ug {] sfod{ f b9[
xG' 5 . h ] egs] f ] 5 To;nfO { dfq ljZjf; ug {] af6f ] ;/n 5 .
a'4dfu{sf] nflu ;fx;, w}o{, nrstf / a'l4dtf x'g' cfjZos
5 .
k|Zg M d]/f] ljrf/df s]xL AolQmx¿n] dfq o;f] ug{ ;Snfg\ .
To;}n] s]xL AolQmn] dfq o:tf] cEof; ug{ ;S5g\ eg] a'4wd{sf]
;f/ g} s] eof] / <
pQ/ M of] ;To xf], ;a}hgf a'4wd{sf] nflu tof/ 5}gg\ . t/
klg xfdLn ] wdd{ f h ] l;sfp5“ f +} Tof ] unt 5 t/ ;lhnl} ;t
a'‰g ;lsgfsf] sf/0fn] k|To]sn] cEof; ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] s'/fg}
cgf}7f] 5 . a'4wd{ ;Totfdf nlIft x'G5 / To;}n] ;a}n] o;nfO{
/fd/| L a‰' g ;Sg ] Ifdtf gePtf klg pgLx¿ csf {] hg' Ldf
56 !fg / s?)ff k|Zgf]Q/ 57
o;sf] nflu ;fob tof/ x'G5g\ . h]ePtf klg To:tf w]/}
dflg;x¿ 5g\ hf] 7Ls zAbx¿ dfqn] jf k|f]T;fxgn] cfºgf]
1fg a9fpg of]Uo x'G5g\ . clg o;}sf/0fsf] nflu g} af}4x¿
lj:tf/} zflGtk"j{s cfºgf a'4wd{sf 1fgx¿ c¿nfO{ klg af“8\g]
k|of; ub{5g\ . a'4n] xfdLx¿nfO{ s¿0ff /fvL lzIff lbg'ePsf]
5 / xfdLx¿n ] klg c¿dfly s¿0ff /fvL l;sfpb“ 5f +} .
kZ| g M ca s¿0ffdf cfOkU' of +} . a4' wd { cg;' f/ s¿0ff egs] f ] s]
xf] <
pQ/ M 1fgn] xfdLx¿sf] :jefjsf] af}l4s cyjf eGg of]Uo
s'/fx¿ ;dfj]z u/] h:t} s¿0ffn] xfdLx¿sf] :jefjsf]
efjgfTds cyjf dxz;" ug {] kIf ;dfjz] ub5{ . 1fg h:t}
s¿0ff klg ljz]if u/L dfgjLo u'0f xf] . s¿0ff (Compassion)
cu+ h]| Ldf bO' { zAbx¿ ldn/] ags] f ] 5 . Co h;sf]
cy{;“u} eGg] x'G5 / (Passion) h;sf] cy{ ulx/f] s'/fsf]
dx;"; eGg] x'G5 . clg (Compassion) s¿0ff eg]sf] oxL
g } xf ] . ha xfdLx¿ c¿ s;n} fO { bM' v k/s] f ] bV] 5f +} / xfdLx¿n]
Tof ] bM' v cfkmn} fO { k/s] f ] h:tf ] dxz;" u5f +} / To;nfO { x6fpg
jf bM' v sd ug { hg' ko| f; u5f {+} eg ] ToxL g } s¿0ff xf ] .
To;}n] dflg;x¿df ;a}eGbf c;n ;a} a'4s} h:t} u'0fx¿–
h:t} af“8]/ lng], cf/fd lbg tof/ x'g], ;fGTjgf lbg], lrGtf
lng] / /v] bv] ug {] cflb ;a } s/0ffsf Bft] sljlb kIf xg' \ .
s¿0ffjfg \ JolQmdf c¿nfO { /v] bv] ug {] / dfof ug {] efjgfsf]
pTklQ cfkmn} fO { /v] bv] ug {] / dfof ugd{] f xG' 5 eGg ] s/' f klg
tkfOn+{ ] yfxfkfpg ' xg' 5] . xfdLn ] xfdLx¿nfO { a‰' g ;Sof +} eg]
xfdLx¿n ] c¿nfO { klg ;fR“ g } g } a‰' g ;Sg5] f +} . ;ae} Gbf c;n
s'/f s] xf] eGg] yfxf kfP kl5 xfdLx¿n] c¿x¿sf] nflu
;ae} Gbf c;n s/' f ] s ] xf ] eGg ] s/' f yfxf kfpg ;Sg5] f +} .
xfdLn] cfkm}nfO{ lrGg ;s]kl5 xfdLx¿n] c¿nfO{ klg lrGg
;Sg5] f +} . To;n} ] a4' wdd{ f a9L kf| sl[ ts 9u+ n ] Pp6fsf ] cfWoflTds
ljsf;n] c¿sf] sNof0fsf] nflu lrGtf k|:km'l/t eP/ cfp“5 .
a'4sf] hLjgLn] o;nfO{ cem lj:t[t u/]sf] 5 . pgn] cfºg}
sNof0fsf] nflu ^ jif{ ;+3if{ u/L latfP . To;kl5 pgL ;a}
dfgjdfqsf] lgldQ sNof0fsf/L dflgg of]Uo eP .
kZ| g M To;f ] eP tkfO +{ eGb } xg' x' G' 5 ls xfdLn ] cfkmn} fO { d2t
ug { ;sd] fq xfdLx¿n ] c¿nfO { c;n t/Lsfn ] d2t ug { ;Sg5] f +} .
s] of] clnslt :jfyL{ s'/f ePg / <
pQ/ M ;fwf/0ftof xfdL klxn ] c¿sf ] enfOnfO { xb] 5{ f,+} cfºgf]
eGbf klxnf c¿sf ] lrGtf lnG5f +} hg' :jfyL { efjgfsf ] 7Ls
58 !fg / s?)ff k|Zgf]Q/ 59
pN6f] 5 h;df c¿k|lt eGbf klxn] cfºg} dfq jf:tf ub{5 .
a4' wdn{ ] of ] klxnf ] jf bf;] f| n] fO { dfq xb“' g} ls a¿ ba' s} f]
;lDd>0fnfO { lnb“ 5} . jf:tjdf cfºgf ] lrGtf ugn{] ] la:tf/}
c¿sf ] lrGtf ugl{] t/ a9b\ 5 h;/L Psn ] c¿nfO { ;fR“ r } cfkm"
;dfg 7fGb5 . oxL g} jf:tljs s¿0ff xf].
;To xf] ls s'g} s'g} o:tf Jojxf/ / rngx¿ 5g\ h'g a'4sf
pkb]zx¿df cfwfl/t x'g'eGbf klg cGwljZjf; / cgle1tfaf6
pTkGg ePsf 5g\ / To:tf] cgle1tf a'4wd{df dfq kfOg]
xf]Og t/ o:tf] ;a} wd{¿df ;do ;dodf pTkGg x'G5g\ .
a'4n] o; ljifodf k"0f{ JofVof u/L k|i6;“u lzIff lbg'ePsf]
5 . o;df s;}n] klg k"0f{ ¿kdf a'‰g ;St}g eg] a'4nfO{ bf]if
lbg ;lsGg . Pp6f pvfg 5– olb Pp6f /f]u nfu]sf] Pp6f
dflg;n] cfºgf] ghLsdf a}B 5“bf 5“b} klg cf}iflw pkrf/
u/fp“b}g eg] o;df Tof] a}Bsf] s] bf]if <
To;/L g} cGwsf/¿kL Sn]z Joflwn] u|:t eO{ cfs'n
Jofs'n eO/x]sf dflg;x¿n] a'4sf] d2t lng vf]Hb}gg\ eg]
Tof] bf]if a'4sf] xf]Og .
(J N 28-9)
g t a'4 wd{ jf c¿ s'g} wd{nfO{ To:tf dflg; h;n]
wds{ f ] c;n cEof; g } ubg{} eg ] p;n ] To;nfO { hfR“ g klg
;Qmg} . olb tkfOn“{ ] a4' wds{ f ] jf:tljs lzIff OR5f hfGg]
/fVg' x'G5 eg] a'4 jrg k9\g'xf];\ jf a'4wd{nfO{ ;xL cy{df
a‰' gx] ¿;u“ s/' fsflg ugx{' f;] \ .
k|Zg M olb a'4wd{ TolQsf] c;n 5 eg] s]xL af}4 d'n'sx¿
lsg u/La 5g\ <
pQ/ M olb u/Lasf] cy{ cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] lng] xf] eg] ;To
xf] ls s]xL af}4 d'n'sx¿ u/La 5g\ . t/ olb u/La eGgfn]
hLjgsf] u/LaL u'0f ;Demg' x'G5 eg] ;fob s]xL af}4 d'n'sx¿
c;fWo wgL 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu cd]l/sf cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn]
wgL tyf zlQm ;DkGg d'n's xf] . t/ Toxf“sf] ck/fw b/
;;+ f/sf ] ;a } dn' s' x¿df eGbf a9L 5– nfvfs+} f ] ;V+ ofdf a9' f
a9' Lx¿nfO { cfºgf 5f/] f 5f/] Lx¿n ] jf:tf ubg{} g \ . clg PSnfk] gdf
g} a[4 cf>dx¿df db{5g\ / Toxf“ 3/fo;L snx / afn
ck/fw h:tf 7"nf ;d:ofx¿ 5g\ . k|To]s tLg ljjfxdWo]
Pp6f kf/kfr's]df 6'lËG5 / j]Zofj[lQ k|z:t dfqfdf kfOG5 .
k};fsf] ;DaGwdft wgL 5g\ . t/ hLjgsf] u'0f ;DaGwdf eg]
u/La of 3l6of 5g\ . ca adf{nfO{ lnp“ – h'g cfly{s b[li6sf]0fdf
k5fl8 5 . cfdf afa'x¿nfO{ cfºgf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿n] cfb/ ;Tsf/
ub{5g\, ck/fwsf] b/ t'ngfTds b[li6n] sd 5 . kf/kfr's]
tyf cfTdxTof h:tf zAbx¿ k|foM ;'Gg klg kfO“b}g . oL
3/fo;L lab|f]x tyf afnck/fw / cZnLn t:jL/ tyf
j]Zofj[lQsf] :jLs[lQsf] cl:tTj g} 5}g . cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn]
k5fl8 cjZo 5 t/ hLjgsf] u'0f eg] ;fob cd]l/sfsf] eGbf
w]/} pRr:t/sf] 5 . olb cfly{s ¿kdf dfq af}4 b]zx¿nfO{
8 a$' wd { s ] xf ] < k|Zgf]Q/ 9
k|Zg M af}4x¿ zfsfxf/L x'g'kb{5, xf]Og / <
pQ/ M cfjZos 5}g . a'4 zfsfxf/L x'g'x'Gg lyof] . pxf“n]
cfºgf lziox¿nfO{ zfsfxf/L x'g] lzIff lbg'ePg / clxn] klg
5}g . w]/} c;n af}4x¿ 5g\ hf] slxNo} klg zfsfxf/L ePgg\ .
kZ| g M t/ olb tkfO +{ df; ' vfgx' G' 5 eg ] cbZ[ o ¿kn ] kf| 0fL3ftkl| t
pQ/bfoL x'g'x'G5 . o;n] klxnf] zLn eË ePg / <
pQ/ M of ] ;To xf ] ls ha tkfO { df;s' f ] ;j] g ugx{' G' 5 eg]
tkfO{ k/f]If / cf+lzs ¿kdf k|f0fL lx+;fdf pQ/bfoL x'g'x'G5
t/ To;/L g } ;To xf ] ls hg' an] f tkfO +{ ;fu;AhLsf ] ;j] g
ugx{' G' 5 . ;fu;AhLx¿ tkfOs+{ f ] vfgfsf ] yfndf sL/fn ] vfPsf
Kjfnx¿ /lxt xf]pmg\ eGgfvflt/ ls;fgn] klg cfºgf]
cGgafnLdf sL6f0f'gf;s cf}iflw / ljif 5s{g'kb{5 . clg km]l/
klg tkfO{+sf] sd/k]6Lsf] nflu cyjf Xof08Jofusf] nflu
5fnf kfpg hLjhGtx' ¿nfO { dfl/G5, tkfOn+{ ] ko| fu] ug {] ;fag' sf]
60 zfsfxf/L k|Zgf]Q/ 61
nflu klg s]xL g s]xL dfl/G5g\ . s'g} g s'g} k|sf/n] c¿x¿sf]
d[To'sf] nflu k/f]If¿kn] pQ/bfoL geO{ af“Rg k|foM c;Dej
5 . of ] Pp6f klxnf ] cfo;{ Tosf ] csf {] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf ] .
;fwf/0f cl:tTj g } bM' v / c;Gti' 6L xf ] . ha tkfO +{ klxnf]
zLn ux| 0f ugx{' G' 5 ta tkfO +{ kT| oIf¿kdf kf| 0fL3ft uga{ f6
pQ/bfoL x'g klG5g' x'G5 .
kZ| g M dxfofgL af4} x¿ df;s' f ] ;j] g ubg{} g \ .
pQ/ M Tof] s'/f ;To xf]Og . rLgdf dxfofgL af}4 wd{n]
zfsfxf/L x'gdf 7"nf] hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 t/ hfkfg / ltAatsf
dxfofgL k/Dk/fsf b'a} leIf' tyf pkf;s pkfl;sfx¿n]
;fwf/0ftof df;'sf ;]jg ub{5g\ .
k|Zg M t/ d cem} klg eGb5' ls af}4x¿ zfsfxf/L g} x'g'kb{5 .
pQ/ M olb Pp6f dflg; hf] cToGt s§/ zfsfxf/L 5 t/ pm
c;fWo :jfyL,{ c;Eo, gLr 5 / csf {] Pp6f dflg; hf ] zfsfxf/L
xf]Og t/ pm c¿sf] ljrf/ u5{, OdfGbf/ 5, pbf/ 5 / bofn'
5 eg] oL b'O{hgf dWo] s'g rf“lx c;n af}4 x'g\ <
k|Zg M Tof] dflg;, hf] OdfGbf/ / bofn' 5 .
pQ/ M lsg <
k|Zg M lsgeg] To:tf] dflg; lgZroklg c;n Xbosf] x'G5 .
pQ/ M cjZo . Pshgf df;s' f ] ;j] g ug {] dflg;sf ] Xbo z4'
xg' ;Sb5 . 7Ls To;/L g } Pshgf df;s' f ] ;j] g gugs{] f ] Xbo
cz4' xg' ;Sb5 . af4} lzIffdf tkfOn+{ ] ;j] g ug {] vfgfdf
;dfjz] ul/Psf s/' fx¿eGbf tkfOs+{ f ] Xbosf ] u0' f a9L dxTjk0" f{
s/' f xf ] . w/] } h;f ] af4} x¿ slxNo } df;s' f ] ;j] g klg gugd{' f
7"nf] Vofn /fVb5g\ t/ pgLx¿ :jfyL{ x'g], OdfGbf/ gx'g], b'i6
cyjf Oi{ ofn{ ' xg' ] s/' fdf eg ] jf:tf g } ubg{} g \ . pgLx¿n]
cfºgf] cfxf/ abNb5g\ h'g ;lhnf] klg 5 t/ Xbo kl/jt{g,
hg' ug { ufxf| ] 5, ugd{ f klg jf:tf ubg{} g \ . To;n} ] tkfO+{
zfsfxf/L xg' x' f;] \ of df;+ fxf/L a4' wdd{ f cfºgf ] dg z4' ug {' g}
;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] eGg] ;DemL /fVg'k5{ .
kZ| g M tkfOn+{ ] clxn;] Dd h ] eGge' of ] ;f ] ;f¥x } rfv nfUof ] . d
s;/L af}4 x'g ;S5' <
pQ/ M Ps ;dodf pkfln eGg] Pshgf dflg; lyof] . pm c¿
g} wd{sf] cg'ofoL lyof] . pm a'4 sxf“ 5nkmn ug{ / jxf“nfO{
wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg] x]t'n] Toxf“ uof] . t/ a'4;“u s'/fsfgL
u/]kl5 pm olQsf] k|efljt eof] ls p;n] a'4sf] cg'ofoL aGg]
lg0f{o u¥of] . t/ a'4n] eGg' eof]–
æklxn ] /fd/| L hfr“ /] x/] . tkfO +{ h:tf ] kl| ;4 JolQmn]
/fd/| L hfr“ /] xg] {' /fdf| ] xg' 5] .Æ
ca eujfg\n] dnfO{ æklxn] /fd|/L hf“r u/Æ egL
eGg ' xb“' f d cem w/] {} v;' L / ;Gti' 6 eP “ lsgeg ] olb c¿
wd{sf ;b:ox¿n] dnfO{ lziosf] ¿kdf u|x0f u/] eg] ltgLx¿n]
xftdf em08f lnP/ zx/sf] rf/}lt/ pkfln æxfdLx¿sf] wd{df
cfPÆ eGb} 3'Dg] unf{g\ t/ eujfg\n] dnfO{ eGg'eof] æklxn]
9= af}$ x'g'
/fd/| L hfr“ /] x/] . tkfO +{ h:tf ] kl| ;4 JolQmn ] /fd/| L hfr“ /] xg] {'
/fd|f] x'g]5 .Æ
dlHemdlgsfo @–#&(
a'4wd{df ;dembf/L Psbd} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 /
;dembf/Ldf ;do nfUb5 . To;}n] x8a8 u/L a'4wd{df nfUg'
kbg{} . ;do np] m, kZ| gx¿ u/ / /fd/| L ljrf/ u//] x/] clg
cfkm} g} lg0f{o u/ . a'4n] a9L ;+Vofdf lziox¿ agfpg] OR5f
uge{' Psf ] lyPg . dflg;x¿n ] /fd/| L hfr“ /] x/] /] clg oyfyt{ fnfO{
ljrf/ u/]/ cfºgf lzIffx¿ /fd|/L kfng u¿g\ eGg] s'/fdf
pxf“ lrlGtt x'g'x'GYof] .
k|Zg M olb hf“r]/ x]bf{ a'4sf] lzIff :jLsf/ of]Uo kfP“ / af}4 x'g
rfx +] eg ] dn} ] ta s ] ug {' knf { <
pQ/ M /fd|f] ljxf/ cyjf af}4 ;d'bfodf ;dfj]z x'g' g} ;a}eGbf
/fdf| ] xfn] f . pgLx¿nfO { ;xofu] ugx{' f;] / pgLx¿af6 klg
;xof]u lng'xf];\ / a'4sf] lzIffnfO{ cem a9L yfxf kfpg
lg/Gt/ nfUgx' f;] \ . ha tkfO +{ tof/ xg' x' fn] f ta lq/Tgsf]
z/0f uO{ cf}krfl/s ¿kdf af}4 x'g'x'g]5 .
k|Zg M lqz/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <
pQ/ M z/0f eg]sf] To:tf] 7fp“ xf] hxf“ dflg;x¿ cfkm"nfO{
68 af$} xg' ' k|Zgf]Q/ 69
b'Mv kbf{ cyjf ;'/Iffsf] cfjZos kbf{ hfg] u5{g\ . z/0f w]/}
lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . ha dflg;x¿ b'MvL x'G5g\ ltgLx¿ cfºgf
;fyLx¿sf] z/0fdf hfG5g\, ha pgLx¿ lrlGtt / eoeLt
x'G5g\ ta ltgLx¿ em"7f] cfzf / ljZjf;sf] z/0fdf nfU5g\ .
ha ltgLx¿df d[To' cfOnfU5 ta ltgLx¿ cnf}lss :ju{sf]
ljZjf;df z/0f n]nfg\ . t/ a'4n] eGg'eP h:t} logLx¿dWo]
s'g} klg ;f“rf z/0f xf]Ogg\ lsgeg] ltgLx¿n] oyfy{tfdf
cfwfl/t ;'v / ;'/Iff lbg ;Sb}gg\ .
;f“rf] cy{df of] z/0f ;'/lIft 5}g . of] pQd z/0f
klg xf]Og . ;a} k|sf/sf] b'Mvaf6 5'6\sf/f kfpg] z/0f klg
5}g . t/ h;n] b'Mv, b[Zosf] sf/0f, b'Mvsf] lg/f]w / b'MvnfO{
lg/fw] ug {] cfoc{ i6fl+ us dfun{ fO { k1| f bl[ i6n ] x/] L a4' , wd { /
;+3sf] z/0f lng' g} jf:tjdf ;'/lIft z/0f, pQd z/0f xf] .
oxL z/0f lnPdf hf] sf]xL klg ;a} k|sf/sf b'Mvx¿af6 d'Qm
x'g;Qm5 .
wDdkb !*(–!(@
a'4sf] z/0fdf hfg', a'4n] k|fKt u/] h:t} ;j{1 af]lw1fg
kf| Kt ug { ;lsG5 eGg ] lglZrt ¿kn ] :jLsf/ ug {' xf ] . wds{ f]
z/0f lng'sf] cy{ xf]– rt'/fo{;TotfnfO{ oyfy{ ¿kdf a'‰g'
tyf cfºgf] hLjg cfo{ci6f+lusdfu{df cfwfl/t agfpg' . ;+3sf]
z/0fdf hfg'sf] cy{ xf]– cfo{ ci6f+lus dfu{df lx8\g]x¿af6
;xofu] , k/]| 0ff / dfu { lgbz{] g kfpg ' . o:tf ] ugfn{ ] af4} xfO] G5
/ lgjf{0fsf] af6f]lt/ Ps kfOnf cl3 a9fpg ;lsG5 .
kZ| g M tkfOn+{ ] klxnf ] lqz/0f lng ' ePbl] v tkfOs+{ f ] hLjgdf s]
s] kl/jt{gx¿ eP <
pQ/ M @%)) jif { otfbl] v c;V+ o nfvf +} nfv c¿x¿n ] h:t}
a'4sf] lzIffn] o; s7f]/ ;+;f/df s]xL nfesf/L ePsf] d}n]
kfP“ . cy{xLg hLjgnfO{ pgLx¿n] cy{ lbP . pgLx¿n] dnfO{
dfgjLo / sf¿l0fs gLlt lbP h;n] d]/f] hLjg 8f]¥ofpg] 5 /
dn} ] s;/L csf {] hl' gdf ljz4' tf / ;j1{ tf kf| Kt ug { ;Sg5] '
eGg] b]vfO{ lbPsf] 5 .
k|frLg ef/tsf Pshgf sljn] n]Vg' ePsf] 5 ls–
pxf“sf] z/0f hfg', pxf“sf] u'0f ufpg', pxf“sf] ;Ddfg
ug {' / wds{ f ] lgod kfng ug {' egs] f ] /fdf| l] ;t ae' m/] sfo { ug{'
xf] .
d oL zAbx¿l;t k"0f{ ;xdt 5' .
æTo:t} d klg ;xdt 5' .Æ
v
2= a'$wd{sf df}lns l;$fGtx?
k|Zg M a'4sf d'Vo pkb]z s] s] x'g\ <
pQ/ M a'4sf ;a} h;f] pkb]zx¿ rt'/fo{;Todf s]lGb|t 5g\ .
h;/L Pp6f rqmsf] dWodf To;sf ;a} ;'Ox¿ / 3]/f s]lGb|t
x'G5g\ To;/L g} cfo{;Tox¿ rf/j6f 5g\ . To;}n] …rt'/Ú elgPsf]
xf] . ltgLx¿nfO{ h;n] /fd|/L a'‰b5 To;nfO{ 1fgL agfOlbG5 .
To;}n] cfo{ elgPsf] xf] . / logLx¿ ;To 5g\ tyf
jf:tljstfl;t ldNb5g\ . To;}n] ltgLx¿nfO{ æ;ToÆ elgPsf]
xf] .
k|Zg M klxnf] cfo{ ;To s'g xf] <
pQ/ M hLjg g} b'Mv xf] eGg] klxnf] cfo{ ;To xf] . af“Rgsf]
lgldQ bM' v ugk{' 5 { . sg' } lsl;dsf ] bM' vsf ] cge' j ljgf afR“ g'
c;Dej 5 . xfdLx¿n] /f]u Aoflw, 3fp, rf]6, ysfj6, a'9\ofO“
tyf cGTodf d[To' h:tf zf/Ll/s b'Mv ef]Ug'kb{5 / xfdLx¿n]
PSnf]kg, cfTd c;Gtf]if, 8/, qf;, dfgl;s lrGtf, xtf]T;fx,
18 a$' wds{ f dfl} ns l;$fGtx? k|Zgf]Q/ 19
/L; cflb h:tf dfgl;s b'Mvx¿ klg ;xg'kb{5 .
k|Zg M s] of] s]xL dfqfdf lg/fzfjfbL 5}g <
pQ/ M lg/fzfjfbnfO{ zAbsf]ifn] kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 ls æh'g;'s}
s'/f x'G5 eg] Tof] v/fa g} x'g]5 eg]/ ;f]Rg] afgLÆ cyjf
æc;neGbf klg v/fa a9L zlQmzfnL 5 eGg] ljZjf; .Æ
a'4wd{n] of] s'/fsf] lzIff lb“b}g . g t o;n] ;'vsf] cl:tOEj 5
egL c:jLsf/ g} u5{ . o;n] ;/n tl/sfn] eGb5 ls lhpg'
egs] f ] g } zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s bM' vsf ] cge' j ug {' xf ] . hg'
s'/f Psbd} ;To tyf Psbd} cjZoDefjL 5 ls o;nfO{
c:jLsf/ ug{ g} ;ls“b}g . w]/} h;f] wd{x¿sf] ;f/e"t ljrf/wf/f
kf}/fl0fs syf xf] . Pp6f k/Dk/fut syf cyjf ljZjf; h;nfO{
s]nfP/ x]g{ sl7g 5 jf c;Dej 5 . Pp6f em"7f] k|dfl0ft ug{
g;lsg] ;To, Pp6f ;a}n] hfg]sf] s'/f, ;a}n] cg'ej u/]sf] /
To;nfO{ lhTg ;a}n] sf]lzz ul//x]sf] Pp6f cg'ejaf6 a'4wd{sf]
k|f/De x'G5 . To;}n] a'4wd{ dfq jf:tjdf ljZjwd{ xf] . lsg
eg] o;n] k|To]s dfgjl;t ;DalGwt b'Mv / To;nfO{ s;/L
TofUg] eGg] s'/fdf leq;Dd k|j]z u/]sf] 5 .
k|Zg M bf];|f] cfo{ ;To s'g xf] <
pQ/ M …;a} b'Mv t[i0ffsf] sf/0fn] g} k}bf x'G5Ú eGg] s'/f bf];|f]
cfo { ;To xf ] . olb xfdLx¿n ] dfgl;s bM' vnfO { x¥] of +} eg]
t[i0ffsf] sf/0fn] of] s;/L x'G5 eGg] s'/f x]g{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .
ha xfdLx¿ sg' } s/' fsf ] rfxgf u5f {+} To;an] f To;nfO { kfpg
;sg] f “} eg ] c;Gti' 6 ePsf ] yfxf kfp5“ f +} . ha s;nfO { cfkmn" ]
cfzf u/;] Dd afr“ f;] \ eGg ] xfdL cfzf /fVb5f “} kl5 To:tf]
ePg eg ] c;xfo / lg/fz ePsf ] cge' j u5f “{} . ha xfdLx¿nfO{
c¿n ] dg k/fpg \ eGg ] rfxG5f +} t/ pgLx¿n ] To;f ] ubg{} g \ eg]
cfkmd" fly cf3ft k/s] f ] cge' j u5f {+} . slxn ] sfx“ L xfdLn ] sx] L
s/' fsf ] rfxgf u5f “{} / kf| Kt ug { ;Sof “} eg ] klg To;n ] ;v' sf]
af6f]df 8f]¥ofpg ;Sb}g lsg ls w]/} ;do glaTb} Tof] a:t'
xfd|f] lgldQ lg/; ePsf] cfefif x'G5 To;k|lt df]x x6]/ hfG5
/ c¿ g} a:t'sf] rfxgflt/ dg bf}l8;s]sf] x'G5 . o;nfO{
;lhnf] lsl;dn] eGg] xf] eg] xfdLn] OR5f u/]sf j:t' kfp“bf
klg To;n ] ;v' lbG5 eGg ] sg' } e/f;] f xb“' g} eGg ' g } bf;] f| ]
cfo{;Tosf] egfO xf] . nuftf/ cfkm"n] rfx]sf a:t'x¿ k|fKt
ug{df ;+3if{ ul//xg' eGbf klg cfºgf OR5fnfO{ ;dofg's"n
9fNg] sf]lzz u/ . rfxgfn] xfdLx¿nfO{ ;+t'i6L / ;'vaf6
6f9f n}hfG5 .
k|Zg M rfxgf / t[i0ffn] zf/Ll/s b'Mvlt/ s;/L n}hfG5 <
pQ/ M o:tf ] ug {] To:tf ] ug {] eGg ] hLjg e/sf ] rfxgf / ti[ 0ffn]
vf; u/L t[i0ff a9\b} uP kl5 Pp6f o:tf] zlQmsf] ;[hgf u5{
h;sf ] sf/0f dflg;n ] kg' hG{ d lng ' kg {] xG' 5 . ha xfdL kml] /
20 a$' wds{ f dfl} ns l;$fGtx? k|Zgf]Q/ 21
hGdG5f,“} xfdf| ] z/L/ xG' 5 clg xfdLn ] cl3 g } elgxfNof “} ls
z/L/df ;lhn} 3fprf]6, /f]uAoflw nfUb5, sfdn] of] lzlyn
x'g;S5, of] a'l9+b} hfG5 / cGtdf d[To' x'G5 . o;sf/0f t[i0ffn]
zf/Ll/s b'Mvsf] af6f]df 8f]¥ofp“5 lsgeg] o;n] xfdLnfO{
kg' hG{ d lngk' g {] u/fp5“ .
k|Zg M tL ;a} g} 7Ls 5g\ . t/ olb xfdLn] Ps};fy rfxgfsf]
nufd aGb u¥of “} eg ] slxNo } klg sx] Lklg kf| Kt ug { ;Sbg} f “} .
pQ/ M ;To xf] . t/ a'4n] s] pkb]z lbg'ePsf] 5 eg] ha
xfd|f] OR5f, t[i0ff, cfkm";“u h] 5 To;af6 nuftf/ x'g] xfd|f]
c;Gtl' i6 clg xfdLx¿sf ] cem w/] } w/] } kf| Kt ug {] OR5fn ] xfdLnfO{
bM' v xG' 5 eg ] o:tf ] sfo { ug {] s/' faf6 xfdL /fl] sgk' 5 { . pxfn“ ]
xfdLx¿nfO{ eGg'x'G5 ls xfdLnfO{ s] cfjZos 5 / xfdL s]
rfxG5f +} 56' o\ fpg ' / xfdLx¿sf ] cfjZostfsf ] nflu sfl] zz
ug {" clg cfºgf ] rfxgfnfO { ;fx] L cg¿' k ljrf/ ug {" . pxf“
eGg'x'G5 sL xfdLx¿sf] cfjZostf k"/f x'g ;St5, t/ xfd|f
rfxgfx¿ eg] ;tx gePsf] vf8n h:tf] . c;Lldt 5g\, s'g}
s'g} geO gx'g] cfjZostf 5g\, df}lns 5g\ / k|fKt ug{
;lsG5 clg o;sf ] kf| lKtsf nflu sfd ugk{' 5 { . o;eGbf
afx]ssf OR5fx¿ lj:tf/} lj:tf/} 36fP/ nfg'kb{5 . cflv/df hLjgsf]
p2Z] o s ] xf ] / < OlR5t j:t ' kf| Kt ug {' cyjf ;Gti' 6 xg' ' / ;v' L xg' '
xf] .
kZ| g M tkfOn{ ] kg' hG{ Hdsf ] s/' f uge{' of ] t/ To:tf ] xG' 5 eGg ] sg' }
k|df0f 5 / <
pQ/ M o:tf s'/f x'G5g\ eGg] k|z:t k|df0fx¿ 5g\ t/ o;
;DaGwdf lj:tt[ ¿kdf kl5 xg] 5{] f +} .
k|Zg– t];|f] cfo{ ;To s'g xf] <
pQ/– b'MvnfO{ lhTg ;lsG5 / ;'v k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] t];|f]
cfo{ ;To xf] . rf/ cfo{;Tox¿ dWo] oxL g} ;a}eGbf dxOEjk"0f{
xf] lsg ls o;}df a'4n] k'glj{Zjf; lbnfpg' ePsf] 5 ls
jf:tljs ;'v / ;Gt'li6 o;}df ;Dej 5 . ha xfdL sfd
gnfUg ] ti[ 0ffnfO { TofUb5f +} / kT| os] lbgsf ] x/ kn cl:y/
rfxgfx¿ ljgf g } ;v' L ;fy afR“ g l;S5f +} / wo} s{ f ;fy hLjg
qf; lagf 3[0ff / /L; ljgf ;d:ofx¿ em]Nb} hLjgn] lbg]
cge' jx¿ lnb“ } afR“ g l;S5f +} ta xfdL vz' L / :jtGq xg' 5] f +} .
clg To;an] f dfq xfdL k0" f { hLjglgjfx{ ug { ;S5f +} . lsgeg]
xfdLnfO { xfdf| ] :jfyL { rfxgfn ] ;Gti' 6 ug {] lrGtfaf6 u:| t ug{
5fl] 8;ss] f ] xG' 5 ta xfdLn ] c¿nfO { ;xofu] ug {] / pgLx¿sf]
cfjZos k/" f ug {] w/] } ;do kfpb“ 5f +} . o; } cj:yfnfO { lgjf0{ f
elgG5 . xfdLx¿ dfgl;s bM' vaf6 klg dl' Qm kfpb“ 5f +} . o;n} fO{
clGtd lgjf{0f elgG5 .
k|Zg M lgjf{0f s] xf] / sxf“ 5 <
22 a$' wds{ f dfl} ns l;$fGtx? k|Zgf]Q/ 23
pQ/ M of] Pp6f ;do / cfsfzeGbf klg k5fl8sf] cfotg
xf ] . o;s} f/0f o; ljifodf s/' fsflg ug {' jf ;fR] g ' klg ufxf| ]
5 . ;do, cfsfz / cfotgsf] ljifo dfq eGg] zAbx¿ 5g\
jf ljrf/ ug{ ;'xfp“5g\ . t/ lsgeg] lgjf{0f eg]sf] sfneGbf
kl/ k/ ePsf]n] To;df ult 5}g . o;sf/0f ;dodf a"9f] x'g]
jf dg {] eGg ] g } xb“' g} . To;sf/0f lgjf0{ f egs] f ] cgGt xf]
lsgls of] cfsfzeGbf klg ljzfn ePsf]n] o;df s'g} x]t'
5}g, s'g} ;Ldf 5}g, cfTdkgsf] l;4fGt 5}g / cgfTd 5 .
o;sf/0f lgjf{0f cgGt / z"Go 5 . a'4n] xfdLx¿nfO{ ljZjf;
lbnfpg' ePsf] 5 ls lgjf{0f eg]sf] Pp6f cgGt ;'vsf] cg'ej
xf] . pxf“ eGg'x'G5–
lgAaf0f+ k/d+ ;'v+ .
ælgjf{0f eg]sf] dxf;'v xf] .Æ
wDdkb @)$
k|Zg– t/ s] o:tf] cj:yfsf] cl:tTj 5 eGg] To:tf] s]xL k|df0f 5 <
pQ/– 5}g . To:tf] s]xL 5}g . t/ o;sf] cl:tTj 5 eGg] s'/f
lgisif{df Nofpg ;lsG5 . olb Toxf“ Pp6f cfotg 5 hxf“
;do / cfsfznfO{ rfNg ;lsG5 ta Toxf“ To:tf] cfotgo'Qm
;;+ f/df eg ] xfdLx¿ of ] lgisif { lgsfNg ;Sb5f +} ls oxf “ Pp6f
cfotg 5 hxf“ ;do / cfsfznfO{ rnfpg ;lsGg Tof] xf]
lgjf{0f . xfdLx¿n] k|dfl0ft ug{ g;s]klg lgjf{0fsf] cl:tOEj
5 . xfdLx¿df o;sf] cl:tOEj 5 eGg] a'4 jrg klg 5 .
a'4n] pkb]z lbg' ePsf] 5–
æToxf“ Pp6f hGd gePsf], gagfOPsf], ;dL>0f
gul/Psf] s'/f 5 . olb To:tf] 5}g eg] of] hGd gePsf],
gagfOPsf], gldl;Psf] cj:yfdf hlGdg], x'g], agfOg],
;ld>0faf6 6f9f x'g] agfpg ;lsGg / 5'6sf/f kfpg ;lsGg .
t/ Toxf“ o:tf] hGd gePsf], gagfOPsf], gldl>t cj:yf
ePsf]n] g} hGd eP/ cfpg], agfOg] / ;ld>0f ul/g]af6 6f9f
x'g] s'/f yfxf lbPsf] xf] .Æ
UD 80
o;nfO { ta xfdL yfxf kfp5“ f +} ha kf| Kt u5f +{} . To;
;do;Dd cfkm } lg/Gt/ cEof; ul//xg ;S5f +} .
v
3= a'$wd{ / O{Zj/jfb
k|Zg– s] af}4x¿ O{Zj/df ljZjf; ub{5g\ <
pQ/– xfO] g, xfdL ubg{} f } . o;df w/] } sf/0fx¿ 5g \ . a4' n]
cfw'lgs ;dfhzf:qL tyf dgf]j}1flgsn] h:t} wfld{s efjgfx¿
ljz]if u/L O{Zj/jfb 8/–qf;af6 ;[li6 x'G5 eGg] ljZjf;
ugx{' G' Yof ] . a4' eGgx' G' 5–
æeon] u|:t ePkl5 dflg;x¿ kljq lxdfnodf, kljq
pBfgx¿df, kljq a[Ifx¿ / b]j:ynx¿df hfG5g\ .Æ
DP 188
cflbjf;Lx¿n] vt/gfs tyf cd}qLk"0f{ ;+;f/df ;f/f
h+unL hGt'x¿sf] eoo'Qm cfkm"nfO{ k'Ug] k|z:t cfxf/f vf]Hg
3fprf]6 cyjf /f]uAoflw, lg/Gt/ ah|kft, r6\ofË /
Hjfnfd'vLsf] ljikmf]6 h:tf k|fs[lts k|sf]kx¿sf] ;fdgf u/] .
cfkm"nfO{ c;'/lIft kfP/ O{Zj/sf] efjgf ;[hgf ug{ yfn] tfls
/fd|f lbgx¿df cf/fd kfpg ;lsof];\, vt/fsf] ;dodf ;fx;
24 a$' wd { / OZ{ j/jfb
cfcf;] \ / cfºgf ] sfd laus]| f ] an] fdf ;fGTjgf ldnf;] \ . cfh;Dd
klg tkfOn+{ ] yfxf kfpg ' ePsf ] xfn] f ls ;s+ 6 k/s] f ] an] f
dflg;x¿ a9L wdd{ f sl] Gbt| bl] vG5g \ / hLjg lgjfx{ ug {] an] f
O{Zj/df ljZjf; /fVgfn] O{Zj/n] an k|bfg ub{5g\ eGg] aofg
;'lgG5 . pgLx¿n] Pp6f ljz]if O{Zj/dfly ljZjf; u/]sf]
;l' gG5 . lsgeg ] cfjZos k/s] f ] an] f cf/fwgf ubf { pgLx¿sf]
k|fy{gf cg';f/ kmn ldn]sf] lyof] . oL s'/Fx¿n] a'4sf] pkb]znfO{
;dy{g u/]sf] b]lvG5 ls eo / c;Gt'li6sf] a]nfdf O{Zj/k|ltsf]
efjgf k|s6 x'G5 . cfºgf] eonfO{ a'‰g' kb{5, cfºgf] OR5f
sd ugk{' 5 { / cfkmn" ] abNg g;lsg ] s/' fx¿nfO { rk" rfk tyf
;fx;Ls 9u+ af6 :jLsf/ ugk{' 5 { eGg ] pkbz] a4' n ] xfdLnfO{
lbg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] eonfO{ cljj]sk"0f{ ljZjf;eGbf ljj]sk"0f{
;dembf/Ldf abNg'ePsf] 5 .
a4' n ] OZ{ j/sf ] ljZjf; gug {' ePsf ] bf;] f| ] sf/0f of ] xf]
ls o; ljrf/sf] ;dy{gnfO{ 6]jf lbg] s'g} klg k|df0fx¿ k|fKt
ePsf b]lv“b}gg\ . wd{ w]/} k|sf/sf 5g\ . ;a}n] cfºgf] kljq
wfld{s k':tsdf dfq O{Zj/sf jfSox¿ ;';+lrt 5g\, pgLx¿n]
dfq O{Zj/sf] :jefj a'‰g ;s]sf 5g\, pgLx¿sf] wd{df O{Zj/
ePsf] / c¿sf] wd{df O{Zj/ gePsf] bfaL ub{5g\ . s;}–s;}n]
O{Zj/ k'¿if ePsf] s;}n] pgnfO{ :qL:j¿k / s;}n] peolnËL
ePsf] bfjL ub{5g\ . ltgLx¿ ;a} cf–cfºgf O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj
k|Zgf]Q/ 25
ePsf ] kd| fl0ft ug {] kz| :t kd| f0fx¿ ePsfd] f ;a } ;Gti' 6
5g \ . t/ c¿ wdx{ ¿df cs {} OZ{ j/sf ] cl:tTj 5 eGg ] kd| fl0ft
ug {] kd| f0fx¿df eg ] cljZjf; u/L pgLx¿ kl| t xf:“ g ] ub5{ g \ .
Tolt w]/} ljleGg wd{x¿n] cfºgf] O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj k|dfl0ft
ug {] Tolt w/] } ztfAbLx¿ latfpb“ f klg cem;Dd sg' } ;To,
7f];, ;f/k"0f{ cyjf em"7f] k|dfl0ft ug{ g;lsg] k|df0fx¿ kfpg
g;Sg' of] s] cfZro{sf] s'/f xf]Og / < To:tf k|df0fx¿ cufl8
gcfP;Dd af}4x¿n] o; ljifodf cfºgf lg0f{onfO{ :ylut
ub{5g\ .
a'4n] O{Zj/df ljZjf; gu/]sf] t];|f] sf/0f– ljZjf;
cfjZos 5}g eGg] xf] . a|Dxf08sf] ;[li6sf] j0f{g ug{sf] nflu
Pp6f O{Zj/df ljZjf; /fVg' cfjZos 5 egL s;} s;}n] bfjL
u5{g\ t/ o;f] xf]Og . lj1fgn] O{Zj/jfbsf] ljrf/ cufl8
g/flvsg g} a|Dxf08sf] ;[li6 s;/L ePsf] lyof] eGg] s'/f]
;a}nfO{ lrQ a'‰bf] lsl;dn] j0f{g u¥of] . s;} s;}n] ;'vL
tyf cy{k"0f{ hLjgsf] lgldQ O{Zj/df ljZjf; x'g' cfjZos 5
eGg ] bfjL u5g{ \ . o;f ] xfO] g eg/] kml] / klg xfdL eGg ;S5f +} .
af4} x¿sf ] t s ] s/' f oxf “ nfvfs+} f ] ;V+ ofdf cfl:ts tyf :jtGq
ljrf/sx¿ klg 5g\ hf] O{Zj/sf] ljZjf; lagf g} pkof]uL,
;'vL tyf cy{k"0f{ hLjg lgjf{x ul//x]sf 5g\ . s;} s;}n]
dflg; sdhf/] ePsfn] ] cfºgf ] d2t cfkmn} ] ug {] zlQm gePsfn] ]
O{Zj/sf] zlQm cfjZos 5 eGg] bfjL u/]sf 5g\ . km]l/ klg
o; k|df0fn] pN6f]lt/ s]lGb|t ub{5 / b]vfp“b5 . O{Zj/df
ljZjf; gul/sg g} cfºgf cfGtl/s ;|f]tx¿ / ltgLx¿sf]
cfºgf] k|of;af6 g} 7"N7"nf c;dy{tf, eo, 7"n7"nf ck;s'g
tyf sl7gfOx¿ kf/ u/]sf dflg;x¿af6 w]/} h;f] ;'lgG5 .
s;} s;}n] dflg;sf] d'lQmsf] nflu O{Zj/sf] cfjZostf ePsf]
7fGb5g\ . olb d'lQmsf] wfld{s l;4fGt :jLsf/ u/]df dfq of]
ts { sfdofjL xG' 5 t/ af4} x¿ o:tf ] l;4fGt :jLsf/ ubg{} g \ .
cfºg} cg'ejsf] cfwf/df a'4n] b]Vg'eof] ls k|To]s dflg;;“u
dg z4' ug,{] c;Ld bof / s¿0ffsf ] ljsf; tyf oyfy { afw]
ug {] Ifdtf 5 . p;n ] cfºgf ] Wofg :jua{ f6 xb[ odf tfGof ] /
cfTdafw] af6 cfºgf ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug {] ;fx; xfdLx¿nfO{
lbof] .
k|Zg– olb O{Zj/ g} gePsf] eP a|Dxf08 s;/L eof] <
pQ/ M ;a} wd{x¿sf cfºg} k/Dk/f / syfx¿ 5g\ h;n] o;
k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbg]5g\ . k|frLgsfndf dflg;x¿n] yfxf gkfPsf]
sf/0fn ] To:tf kf/} fl0fs syfx¿ g } kz| :t lyP . t/ aL;f+}
ztfAbLdf ef}lts zf:q, gIfq lj1fg / k[YjL lj1fgsf] o'udf
To:tf kf}/fl0fs syfx¿nfO{ j}1flgs tYox¿n] pl5g] . lj1fgn]
a|Dxf08sf] ;[li6af/] O{Zj/ efjgfdf gnfu]/ g} j0f{g u/]sf] 5 .
26 a$' wd { / OZ{ j/jfb k|Zgf]Q/ 27
k|Zg M a|Dxf08sf] pTklQaf/] a'4n] s] eGg'ePsf] 5 <
pQ/ M a4' n ] aD| xf08sf ] pTklQaf/ ] ug {' ePsf ] JofVof j1} flgs
b[li6sf]0fdf ax't} glhs ePsf] / cToGt rfv nfUbf] 5 .
cU~` ;Q' df a4' n ] ljZjsf ] gfz ePsf ] / nfvf +} jifs{ f ] ;dodf
kg' M jtd{ fg cj:yfdf kf| be' fj{ ePsf ] s/' f j0fg{ uge{' Psf ] 5 .
kfgLsf] ;txdf klxnf] hLjfTdfsf] kl/jt{g / km]l/ c;+Vo nfv
jif{df ;/n 9+uaf6 c;fwf/0f hLjfTdfsf] k|fb'ef{j x'G5 . oL
;a} ljlwx¿ z'¿ / cGTo ljgfsf x'g\ / k|fs[lts sf/0fx¿af6
cl:y/ 5g\ .
kZ| g M tkfO +{ eGgx' G' 5 ls OZ{ j/sf ] cl:tTjsf ] sg' } kd| f0fx¿ g}
5}gg\ . t/ cgf}7f 36gfx¿af/] s] ljrf/ 5 t <
pQ/ M oxf“ cgf}7f 36gfx¿ 36\g' g} O{Zj/sf] cl:tTjsf] k|df0f
xf ] egL ljZjf; ugx{] ¿ w/] } g } 5g \ . /fu] r§ } lgsf ] eof ] egL
Psbd } bfaL u/s] f ] s/' f t xfdL ;G' b5f +} . t/ Pshgf 8fS6/ jf
;hg{ sf ] Pp6f :jtGq kd| f0f eg ] slxNo } klg kfpb“ g} f +} . xfdLn]
kmnfgf] eo+s/ vt/faf6 cgf}7f] 9+un] aRof] /] eGg] c¿x¿af6
;G' b5f +} t/ jf:tjdf s ] ePsf ] lyof ] eGg ] bV] gs] f ] aofg slxNo}
kfpb“ g} f +} . xfdLx¿n ] kf| yg{ f ubf { /fu] Lsf ] z/L/df zlQm kb| fg
eof] jf Pp6f sfd gnfUg] ePsf] c+udf an cfP/ k"g{ lgsf]
eof ] eGg ] xNnf ;G' b5f +} . t/ xfdLx¿n ] slxNo } klg PS;/]
xb] g{} f } jf 8fS6/ jf g;s{ f ] l6Kk0fL ;G' bg} f } . To; } To; } Psbd}
bfjL ug,{] c¿x¿af6 ;G' g ] / xNnfx¿ 7f;] kd| f0f ljgf lng
;lsGg, cgf}7f 36gfx¿sf] 7f]; k|df0f b'n{e k|foM x'G5 . t}klg,
slxn] sf“xL j0f{g gul/Psf] s'/f x'g ;Sb5 . cfzf gul/Psf]
36gf 36g\ ;Sb5 t/ To:tf s/' fx¿ j0fg{ ug {] xfdLx¿sf]
c;dyt{ fn ] OZ{ j/sf ] cl:tTj 5 eGg ] kd| fl0ft ubg{} . o;n]
xfdLx¿df 1fg cem} ck'/f] 5 eGg] dfq k|dfl0ft ub{5 .
cfw'lgs cf}iflwlj1fgsf] ljsf; x'g'eGbf klxn] ha dflg;x¿nfO{
;hfo“ lbg O{Zj/n] /f]unfO{ k7fOlbPsf] xf] eGg] ljZjf; ub{y] .
cfhef]ln /f]u s;/L nfUb5 eGg] s'/f xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 / /f]u
nfus] f ] an] fdf cfi} flwsf ] ;j] g ub5{ f +} . ha xfdLx¿nfO { o;
;+;f/sf] k"/f 1fg x'G5 To;a]nf j0f{g gul/Psf 36gfx¿ s]
sf/0fn ] xG' 5g \ eGg ] s/' f a‰' g ;dy { xg' 5] f +} h;/L cfhefl] n
xfdLx¿n] /f]u s;/L nfUbf] /x]5 eGg] hfGb5f} .
k|Zg M t/ TolQsf dflg;x¿n] O{Zj/sf] Ps g Ps ¿kdf
ljZjf; ub{5g\ . of] t ;To g} x'g'k5{ <
pQ/ M To;f] xf]Og . To:tf] klg ;do lyof] . ha k|To]sn]
k[YjL r]K6f] 5 eGg] ljZjf; ub{y] . t/ ltgLx¿ ;a} unt
lyP . slt hgf dflg;x¿n] To; s'/fnfO{ ljZjf; ub{5g\
eGg] s'/f jf ljrf/n] ;Totf jf c;TotfnfO{ gfKg ;lsb}g .
28 a$' wd { / OZ{ j/jfb k|Zgf]Q/ 29
s'g} s'/f jf ljrf/ ;To xf] jf em"7f] xf] eGg] s'/f xfdLx¿n]
eGg ;Sg] Pp6f pkfo jf af6f] xf]– jf:tljs 36gfnfO{ tyf
kd| f0fx¿nfO { sn] fP/ xg] {' .
kZ| g M olb af4} x¿n ] OZ{ j/dfly ljZjf; ubg{} g \ eg ] s ] df
ljZjf; u5{g\ t <
pQ/ M xfdL OZ{ j/df ljZjf; ubg{} f +} lsgeg ] xfdL dflg;df
ljZjf; ub{5f}+ . k|To]s dfgj cd"No / dxOEjk"0f{ 5 eGg]
ljZjf; ub5{ f +} lsg ls ;ad} f ;j1{ tf a4' OEjsf ] ljsf; ug{]
Ifdtf 5 . xfdL ljZjf; ub{5f}+ ls dflg;n] c1fgtf /
cljj]sLkgnfO{ x6fpg ;S5 / ;a} s'/fx¿nfO{ oyfy{ ¿kdf
xg] { ;S5 . xfdL ljZjf; ub5{ f +} ls 30[ ff, /L;, åi] f Oi{ ofn{ fO{
dfof, w}o{, pbf/tf / bofn'kgn] abNg ;lsG5 . a'4sf] k|fltxfo{sf]
k/]| 0ffn ] / af4} cgo' foLx¿sf ] lgbz{] g tyf ;xofu] df dflg;n]
sf]zL; u/]df oL ;a} s'/fx¿nfO{ cfºgf] xftdf kfg{ ;lsG5
eGg ] ljZjf; ub5{ f +} .
cfkm}n] afx]s xfdLnfO{ s;}n] arfp“b}g . g arfpg
;S5 g arfp“5 g} . xfdL cfkm}n] af6f]df lx+8\g' kb{5 . a'4n]
af6f] ;kmf;“u b]vfpg' ePsf] 5 .
wDdkb !^%
v
30 a$' wd { / OZ{ j/jfb 31
4= k~rzLn
k|Zg M c¿ wd{x¿df s'g 7Ls 5 s'g unt 5 eGg] s'/f O{Zj/
jf O{Zj/x¿sf] jf0fLaf6 lnOG5 . af}4x¿ O{Zj/df ljZjf;
ub}{gg\ To;sf/0f s'g 7Ls s'g a]7Ls eGg] s'/f s;/L yfxf
kfpg' x'G5 <
pQ/ M nf]e, 3[0ff tyf e|daf6 pAh]sf] s'g} klg ljrf/, efif0f
cyjf sfox{ ¿ lgjf0{ fdfua{ f6 6f9f nfg ] xb“' f oL v/fa 5g \ /
sg' } klg ljrf/x¿, efif0f cyjf sfox{ ¿ bfg, kd]| / 1fgaf6
pAHof ] eg ] lgjf0{ fdfu { :jR5 kfgd{ f d2t ug {] xb“' f oL c;n
5g\ .
O{Zj/df s]lGb|t wd{x¿df s'g 7Ls 5 / s'g unt 5
eGg ] s/' f yfxfkfpg tkfOx+{ ¿nfO { h ] elgPsf ] 5 ;f ] ug {] sfz] Lz
ugk{' b5{ , t/ a4' wd { h:t } dfgj sl] Gbt| wdx{ ¿df eg ] s ] 7Ls
5 s] 7Ls 5}g eGg] yfxf kfpg cfkm} ;r]t / cfkm}n] a'‰g
;Sg ] ;fr] fOsf ] ljsf; ugk{' 5 { . 1fg / ljjs] df cfwfl/t Jojxf/
x's'dsf] k|ltpQ/df ul/Psf] Jojxf/eGbf alnof] x'G5 . To;}n]
k|Zgf]Q/
32 33
s] 7Ls s] a]7Ls eGg] yfxf kfpg af}4x¿n] tLgj6f s'/fx¿df
ljrf/ k¥' ofpg ] 5g–\ dg;fo, cfkmd} f kg {] To; sfos{ f ] ke| fj
/ c¿x¿df kg {] sfos{ f ] ke| fj . olb dg;fo c;n 5 eg ] -
bfg, kd]| / 1fgdf cfwfl/t_ olb o;n ] cfkmn} fO { d2t u5 { eg]
-dnfO{ w]/} bfgL x'g] ;xof]u u5{, w]/} dfofn' / 1fgL_ / c¿nfO{
;xof]u u5{ eg] -pgLx¿nfO{ w]/} bfgL x'g d2t u5{, w]/}
dfofn' agfp“5 / w]/} 1fgL x'G5_ ta d}n] u/]sf ;a} sfo{x¿
k"0f{, c;n tyf g}lts x'G5g\ . x'g t o;df w]/} g} cGt/x¿
5g \ . slxn ] sfx“ L d ;a } eGbf c;n dg;foaf6 sfd u5 {' t/
of] cfkm}nfO{ jf c¿nfO{ nfesf/L x'g g;Snf < slxn] sf“xL
d]/f] dg;fo c;n x'g'af6 w]/} 6f9f xf]nf t/ d]/f sfo{x¿n]
c¿x¿nfO { sd;s] d ;xofu] unfg{ \ . slxn ] sfx“ L d /fd}|
dg;fon] sfo{ u¿“nf / d]/f] sfo{n] dnfO{ ;xof]u klg b]nf
t/ o;n] ;fob c¿x¿nfO{ s]xL b'Mv xf]nf . o:tf] cj:yfdf
d]/f sfo{x¿ ldl>t x'G5g\ – Pp6f c;n / Toltsf] c;n
gePsf] ld>0f ha dg;fox¿ v/fa x'G5g\ / Tof] sfo{n] g t
dnfO{ d2t k'¥ofp“5 g t c¿nfO{ d2t lbG5 eg] To:tf] sfo{
v/fa xf] . clg ha dg;fo /fd|f] x'G5 / d]/f] sfo{n] cfkm" /
c¿ b'a}nfO{ nfesf/L x'G5 eg] Tof] sfo{ k"0f{¿kdf c;n 5 .
k|Zg M To;f] eP s] a'4wd{df -g}ltstfsf] lgod_ ljgo 5 t <
pQ/ M 5, cjZo klg 5 . k~rzLn g} af}4 ljgosf] cfwf/
xf] . klxnf] zLn xf]– k|f0fL xTofaf6 6f9f x'g' jf hLljt k|f0fLnfO{
rf]6 gk'¥ofpg' . bf];|f] xf]– rf]/Laf6 6f9f x'g', t];|f] xf]–
Jolerf/af6 6f9f x'g', rf}yf] xf]– em"7f] af]Ng'af6 6f9f /xg' /
kf“rf} xf]– dBkfg tyf c¿ nfu" kbfy{sf] ;]jgaf6 6f9f /xg' .
kZ| g M t/ slxn ] sfx“ L dfg {' klg c;n xG' 5 . pbfx/0fsf ] nflu
/fu] kmn} fpg ] ls6f0fx' ¿nfO { dfg {' jf To;nfO { h;n ] tkfOn+{ fO { g}
dfg5{] . xfO] g / <
pQ/ M tkfOn+{ fO { of ] s/' f /fdf| ] nfUg ;S5 t/ Tof ] a:t ' jf
k|f0fLnfO{ s:tf] nfUnf < ltgLx¿ klg tkfO{+ h:t} hLjg
rfxG5g \ . ha tkfO +{ /fu] kmn} fpg ] sL/f dfg {] lg0fo{ lngx' G' 5 .
ta tkfO{+sf] dg;fo ;fob cfkm}l;t ;DalGwt -c;n_ /
t'¿Gt b]vfPsf] k|ltlqmof -v/fa_ sf] Pp6f ld>0f xf]nf . To;
sfon{ ] tkfO +{ cfkmn} fO { nfesf/L xfn] f -c;n_ t/ To; sL6f0fn' fO{
eg] cjZo klg nfesf/L x'g] 5}g . To;sf/0f slxn] sf“xL
dfg {' kg {] cfjZos xfn] f . t/ o;f ] ug {' k0" ft{ of slxNo } klg
/fd|f] x'g] 5}g .
kZ| g M tkfO +{ af4} x¿ sldnf / p8;' x¿;Dd klg w/] } g } Vofn
/fVg' x'G5 .
k~rzLn k|Zgf]Q/
34 35
pQ/ M af}4x¿ s'g} klg e]befj ljgf ;a}nfO{ ;d]6]/ s¿0ffsf]
ljsf; ug {] sfod{ f bQlrQ xG' 5g \ . ltgLx¿n ] o; ;;+ f/nfO{
g} Pp6f k"0f{ Pstfdf cfa4 b]Vb5g\ hxf“ k|To]s a:t' tyf
hLjfTdfx¿sf] cfºg} :yfg / sfo{x¿ 5g\ . ltgLx¿sf] k|s[ltsf]
;'dw'/ ;Gt'ngnfO{ laufg'{ jf gfz ug'{ eGbf klxn] cfkm"
Psbd} xf]lzof/ x'g' kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; /fVb5g\ . xfd|f]
To:tf ] ;:+ sl[ tnfO { x/] f +} t hg' ks| l[ tnfO { ;s;] Dd a9L zfi] f0f
ugl{] t/ hf8] lbOPsf ] bl] vG5 . sx] L klg afs“ L g/flvsg clGtd
yfk] f ;Dd lgrf/[] /] lng ] . o;dfly ljho / bdg ug {] cflb
h:tf sf]k k|s[ltn] b]vfpg yfNof] . xfjf klg ljiffSt x'g
yfNof], vf]nf gfnf b"lift eO{ ;'s]/ uP . TolQsf w]/} ;'Gb/
hgfj/x¿ b'n{e x'“b}5g\ . xl/ofnL kxf8sf eL/x¿ phf8
eP/ lvO“b} uP . xfjfkfgL g} klg abln/x]5 . olb dflg;x¿
df:g,] gfz ug {] / dfg {] sfddf clnslt sd dfqfdf dfq
pT;'s ePsf eP klg o:tf] eo+s/ cj:yfsf] ;[hgf g} x'g]
lyPg xf]nf . xfdLx¿ ;a}n] hLjgnfO{ cln a9L dfqfdf cfb/
;Tsf/sf ] ljsf;ug {] af6fl] t/ nufpg ' kb5{ .
k|Zg M em"7f] af]Ng] af/] s] 5 t < s] em"7f] gaf]lnsg af“Rg
;Dej 5 t <
pQ/ M olb em"7f] gaf]lnsg ;dfhdf jf Jojxf/df a:g ;f“Rr}
k~rzLn k|Zgf]Q/
g} c;Dej 5 eg] To:tf] b'MvbfoL tyf e|i6 cj:yfsf]
jftfj/0fnfO { g } kl/jtg{ ug {' kb5{ . af4} x¿ To:tf xg' \ h;n]
a9L ;To / ljZjfl;nf ] xg' ] sfz] Lz ub {} ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg
ug {] / a9L ; ] a9L oyfy { xg' ] kl| t1f lnG5g \ .
k|Zg M 7Ls 5, dfbs kbfy{sf] af/]df s] 5 t < sd dfqfdf ;]jg
u¥of ] eg ] t xfgL ubg{} xfn] f <
pQ/ M dflg;x¿ :jfbsf ] nflu dfbs kbfy { ;j] g ubg{} g \ .
ha ltgLx¿ PSn} lkp“5g t Tof] cfºgf] tgfj / lrGtfx¿af6
5'6sf/f kfpgsf] nflu lkp“5g\ . t/ ha ;fd"lxs ¿kdf lkp“5g\
eg ] To;n ] ;j] g ug {] afgL a;fN5 . clnslt dfqfdf ePklg
dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg ugf{n] cfºgf] r]tgfdf wSsf nfU5 / cfkm"
;r]t /xgdf afwf k'¥ofp“b5 . w]/} dfqfdf ;]jg u¥of] eg] t
To;sf] k|efj eo+s/ gfzjfg\ g} x'g]5 .
k|Zg M t/ Psbd} sd dfqfdf lkpg' Ps ;fdfGo s'/f] xf] . o;/L
yf/] } lkpb“ f zLn eË xb“' g} xfn] f, xG' 5 / <
pQ/ M xf,] of ] t ;fgf ] s/' fd] fq xf ] . olb ;fgf ] s/' f ] klg t tkfO+{
cEof; ug { ;Sg ' xG' g eg ] tkfOs+{ f ] nugzLntf / kl| t1f
cjZo klg v's'nf] x'g]5, xf]Og / <
kZ| g M k~rzLn gsf/fTds 5 . To;n ] s ] s ] ug {' xb“' g} eGg]
36 37
s/' f atfp5“ . t/ s ] s ] ug {' xG' 5 eGg ] s/' f ] atfpb“ g} g \ . s ] of]
;f“rf] xf] <
pQ/ M k~rzLn af}4 ljgosf cfwf/x¿ x'g\ . Toltdfq g} ;a}
xfO] gg \ . xfdLx¿n ] cfºgf v/fa cfr/0fx¿ kQf nufpb“ } hfG5f+}
/ To:tf ] uga{ f6 /fl] sg ] -aRg] sfz] Lz u5f +{} . o;s} f ] nflu g}
k~rzLn cfjZos ePsf] xf] . v/fa sfd ug{ 5f]8]kl5 c;n
sfou{ g { z¿' u5f +{} . pbfx/0fsf ] nflu Ps k;| u+ lncf +} . a4'
eGgx' G' 5 ls– xfdLx¿n ] em7" f ] afN] ga' f6 6f9f /xg z¿' ugk{' b5{ .
To;kl5 xfdLx¿n] ;To af]Ng'kb{5 . lj:tf/} gd| eP/ af]Ng'kb{5
/ 7Ls ;dodf af]Ng'kb{5 . pxf“ eGg' x'G5–
æem7" f ] afN] g 5f8] o\ f ] eg ] pm ;fr“ f,] e/kbf,{] ljZjfl;nf,]
kTofp“bf] s'/f af]Ng] x'G5 . p;n] ljZjnfO{ 5sfp“b}g . sk6k"0f{
af]nL af]Ng 5f]8\of] eg] p;n] otf ;'g]sf] s'/f ptf bf]xf]¥ofpg]
5}g gt dflg;x¿sf aLrdf e]befj Nofpg] vfnsf] ptf
;'g]sf] s'/f g} otf Nofpg] 5 . p;n] d]n gePsfx¿nfO{
ldnfO lbg]5 / b'a} ;fyLx¿nfO{ emg\ glhsdf NofOlbg]5 .
;dfgtf g} p;sf] v'zL xf] . ;dfgtf g} p;sf] cfgGb xf] .
;dfgtf g} p;sf] dfof xf] . oxL g} p;sf] af]nLsf] d'Vo Wo]o
xf] . ss{z af]ln TofUgfn] p;sf] af]nL bf]if/lxt x'G5, ;'Ggsf]
nflu dw'/ x'G5, :jLsf/ of]Uo x'G5, leq Xbo;Dd k'Ub5, gd|
k~rzLn k|Zgf]Q/
x'G5 / ;a}n] dg k/fp“b5g\ . asjf; ug{ 5f]8\gfn] 7Ls
;dodf hf] 7Ls 5, ;+If]kdf wd{ / ljgosf] af/]df af]Ng] u5{ .
p;n] ;+lrt ug{ ;Sg], ;dof]lrt, sf/0fo'Qm, /fd|/L JofVof
ug{ ;Sg] / 7Ls 7Ls zAbx¿ af]N5 .Æ
d=lg= !&(
k|Zg M s;} s;}n] eGg] u5{g\ ls O{Zj/ jf O{Zj/x¿sf] zlQmsf]
e/ u/]/dfq dflg; c;n x'G5 .
pQ/ M of ] ;/f;/ c;To xf ] . nfvf +} nfv :jtGq ljrf/s /
af}4x¿ 5g\ h;sf cfr/0f gd| / c;n 5g\ . cfhef]lnsf]
nflu dfq xfO] g t/ ;w +} g } h;/L ;jz{ lQmdfg \ ljZjf; ugx{] ¿sf
dfemdf 5g \ . olb tkfO +{ :jR5 Xbon ] sfz] Lz ugx{' G' 5 eg]
tkfO +{ cfºgf ] cfr/0f z4' ug { ;Sgx' G' 5 / olb tkfO +{ k0" f¿{ kdf
z4' xg' ;Sg ' ePg eg ] tkfO +{ lgZro kg cem c;n xg' ;Sg]
sfz] Lz ugx{' g' 5] .
38 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 39
k|Zg M dflg; sxf“af6 cfPsf] xf] / sxf“ hf“b}5 <
pQ/ M o; k|Zgsf] tLg j6f ;DefJo pQ/x¿ 5g\ . JolQmsf]
;h[ gf xg' e' Gbf klxn ] p;sf ] cl:tTj xb'“ g} . OZ{ j/sf ] OR5faf6
p;sf] hGd x'G5 eGg] s'/f O{Zj/ jf O{Zj/df ljZjf; /fVg]x¿n]
k|foM h;f] bfaL ub{5g\ . pm cfºgf] hLjg lgjf{x ub{5 clg
cfkm"n] ljZjf; u/] cg';f/ jf hLjgdf cfkm"n] u/]sf] cg';f/
ls t :ju{df hfG5 ls t g/sdf . Toxf“ c¿x¿ klg 5g\–
dfgjjfbLx¿ tyf j}1flgsx¿ h;n] k|fs[lts sf/0fx¿n]
ubf{ JolQmx¿sf] hGd x'G5 eGg] s'/f bfjL u5{g\, hLp“5g\ clg
d/0f;“u} cl:tTj d]6\b5g\ . a'4wd{n] oL b'a} JofVofx¿nfO{
:jLsf/ ubg{} .
klxnf]n] w]/} g} Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿ v8f ub{5 .
olb xfdLx¿ k|To]snfO{ Pp6f c;n O{Zj/n] ;f“Rr} g} ;[hgf
u/]sf] xf] eg] of] aofg ug{ sl7g 5 ls Tolt w]/}sf] ;+Vofdf
lsg dflg;x¿ eo+s/ ljs[ltsf ;fy hGd lnG5g\ jf Tolt
5= k'gh{Gd
w]/} ;+Vofdf aRrf hGdg' eGbf cl3 g} d5{g\ jf t}klg hGdG5g\ .
csf {] OZ{ j/jfbL aofgdf ;d:of of ] 5 ls kY[ jLdf vfln ^)
cyjf &) jif{ cfkm"n] u/]sf] cg'lrt sfdsf] nflu g/sdf
cgGt bM' v ;xg ' kg {] s/' f Gofofl] rt ePg . ^) jf &) jifs{ f]
cljZjf; cyjf cg}lts lgjf{xn] cToGt b'Mv j]bgf kfpg
;Sb}g . To;/L g} ^) jf &) jif{sf] c;n lgjf{xn] :ju{df w]/}
sddfqfdf dfq cgGt ;'v kfOG5 .
bf>] f ] JofVof klxnfe] Gbf c;n 5 / o;nfO { ki[ 6L ug{]
w]/} k|df0fx¿ 5g\ t/ cem} klg w]/} dxTjk"0f{ k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm
kfpg af“sL g} 5 . b'Oj6f tGt'x¿, jLo{ / c08fsf] ;fwf/0f
;+of]uaf6 r]tgf h:tf] cfZro{hgs hl6n k|fs[lts 36gfsf]
ljsf; s;/L x'g ;S5 < clg ca dgf]lj1fg lj1fgsf] Pp6f
dfGotf k|fKt zfvf e};s]sf] 5 . dfgl;s ljrf/sf] cfbfg
k|bfg h:tf] k|fs[lts 36gf dgsf] ef}lts 9f“rfdf ldnfpg
c;fWo sl7g x'G5 .
dflg; sxf“af6 cfof] / pm sxf“ hf“b}5 eGg] s'/fsf]
;a}eGbf ;Gtf]ifk"0f{ JofVof a'4wd{n] k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ha xfd|f]
d[To' x'G5 o; hLjgdf 36a9 k|fyldstf, of]Uotfsf nIf0fx¿n]
ljsl;t tyf zt{ o'Qm dg k'gM k|hggzLn c08fdf cfkm}
:yflkt x'G5 . o;/L JolQm a9\5 / k'gh{Gd x'G5, b'a} lnP/
cfPsf dfgl;s nIf0fx¿ / gof“ jftfj/0fn] zt{o'Qm JolQmTjsf]
40 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 41
ljsf; x'G5 . JolQmTjsf] kl/jt{g x'g]5 / lzIff, k}t[s k|efj
/ ;dfh h:tf sf/0fx¿n] ubf{ r]tgzLn k|of;af6 kl/nlIft
x'G5 . d[To' Psk6s km]l/ gof“ k|hggzLn c08fdf cfkm;]cfkm
k'gM :yflkt x'G5 . d[To' / k'gh{Gdsf] o; k|lqmof, t[i0ff /
c1fgtf h:tf sf/0fx¿ ;To geP;Dd lg/Gt/ /lx/xg] 5g\ .
ha tL t[i0ff / c1fgtf vtd x'G5g\ . hGdx'gsf] ;§f dg
To; cj:yfdf k|j]z x'G5 h;nfO{ lgjf{0f eGb5g\ / a'4wd{sf]
clGtd nIo / hLjgsf] d"n p2]Zo klg oxL xf] .
kZ| g M dg Pp6f z/L/af6 csf {] z/L/df s;/L hfG5 <
pQ/ M o;nfO{ /]l8of] t/Ë h:t} xf] egL ljrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
/l] 8of ] t/Ë hg' ls zAbx¿ / ;u+ Ltaf6 ags] f ] xb“' g} a¿
ljleGg lk|mSj]G;Ldf /x]sf] zlQmsf] k|;f/0f x'G5 / ;+uLt ¿kdf
k|;f/0f ePsf] 7fp“af6 cfslif{t x'G5 / l/l;e/n] ;dfT5 .
dgdf klg 7Ls o:t} x'G5 . d[To'df klg dfgl;s zlQm
cfsfzdfua{ f6 ofqf ub {} kh| ggzLn c08fdf cfslift{ xG' 5 /
To;af6 ;dfltG5 . hLjsf]if a9\b} uP/ of] dl:tisdf cfkm}
s]lGb|t x'G5, eP kl5 uP/ cfkm} gof“ JolQmTjdf k|;fl/t
x'G5 .
k|Zg M s] k|To]s dflg;sf] k'gh{Gd ;“w} dflg; eP/ g} x'G5 <
pQ/ M xf]Og . oxf“ k'gh{Gd x'g ;Sg] w]/} If]qx¿ 5g\ . s;}
s;}sf] :ju{df k'gh{Gd x'G5 . s;} s;}sf] g/sdf k'gh{Gd
x'G5 . s;}sf] ef]sfPsf e"tsf] ¿kdf k'gh{Gd x'G5 cflb .
:ju{ eGbfv]l/ s'g} Ps 7fp“ xf]Og t/ cl:tTjsf] Pp6f cj:yf
xf] hxf“ Ps cnf}lss z/L/ x'G5 / hxf“ dgn] d'Votof
v'lzofnLsf] cg'ej u5{ . s'g} s'g} wd{n] e"nn] o;nfO{ k/Gt';Dd
l6Sg] cj:yf xf] eGg] ljZjf;df :jlu{s cl:tTjdf k'gh{Gd
x'g 7"nf] sf]zLz u5{ t/ o:tf] xf]Og . zt{ o'Qm cj:yfx¿
h:t} :ju{ klg cl:y/ 5 / ha Pssf] cfo' ;lsG5, ta
dflg;sf] ¿kdf km]l/ k'gh{Gd x'g ;Sb5 . ts{ klg To;/L g}
Pp6f 7fp“ xf]Og t/ Pp6f cl:tTjsf] cj:yfsf] hxf“ Pssf]
cnf}lss z/L/ x'G5 / Toxf“ dgn] d'Votof b'Mv tyf lrGtssf]
cge' j u5 { . efs] fPsf et" kt]| xg' k' lg kml] / Pp6f cl:tTjsf]
cj:yf xf] hxf“ z/L/ cnf}lss x'G5 / dg lg/Gt/ rfxgf /
c;Gt'i6Laf6 kLl8t x'G5 .
To;}n] :jlu{s k|f0fLn] d'Votof cfgGbsf] cg'ej u5{ .
g/ssf kf| 0fLn ] / et" kt]| n ] dV' otof bM' vsi6sf ] cge' j u5{
tyf dfgj k|f0fLn] ;fwf/0ftof b'a} ld>0fsf] cg'ej u5{ .
To;}n] dfgjLo If]q / c¿ If]qx¿df d'Vo km/s xf]– z/L/sf]
lsl;d / cg'ejsf] u'0f .
kZ| g M xfdf| ] kg' hG{ d sxf “ xG' 5 eGg ] s/' fnfO { lgwf/{ 0f ug {] cfwf/
s] xf] <
42 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 43
pQ/ M xfd|f] sxf“ k'gh{Gd x'G5 / xfd|f] hLjg s:tf] x'G5 eGg]
s/' fdf ke| fj kfg {] ;ae} Gbf dxTjk0" f { s/' f sd { xf–] t/ oxL
Pp6f dfq rflx“ xf]Og . sd{ zAbn] æsfo{Æ eGg] hgfp“b5 /
xfdf| ] dg;fosf ] dfgl;s sfon{ fO { ;s+ t] ub5{ . csf {] zAbdf
eGg ] xf ] eg ] clxn ] xfdL s ] 5f +} eGg ] s/' f lats] f an] fdf xfdLn]
s;/L larf/ u¥of +} / sfo { u¥of +} eGg ] s/' fn ] w/] } h;f ] lgwfl{ /t
ub5{ . To;/L g } clxn ] xfdL s;/L ljrf/ u5f +{} / s ] sfo { u5f+{}
eGg ] s/' fn ] eljiodf xfdL s:tf ] xg' 5] f +} eGg ] s/' fdf ke| fj
kf5{ .
gd| / bofjfg\ JolQm :ju{df k'gh{Gd x'g] x'G5 cyjf
;'vL cg'ejx¿n] e/k"/ ePsf] Pp6f dfgj h:t} x'G5 .
dxTjfsf+IfL, lrlGtt cyjf Psbd} lgb{oL lsl;dsf] JolQm
g/s If]qdf k'gh{Gd x'g] cyjf b'Mv} b'Mvsf] cg'ejn] k"0f{ Pp6f
dfgj h:t} x'G5 . slxNo} klg ;Gt'i6 x'g g;Sg] a[xt\ t[i0ff,
dfx] / a9L dxTjfsfI+ fL JolQmsf ] kg' hG{ d efs] fPsf ] et" kt]| sf]
¿kdf x'G5 cyjf Tof] dfof / OR5faf6 c;Gt'i6 dflg; h:t}
x'G5 . o; hLjgdf h:tf];'s} dfgl;s afgLx¿ alno} lsl;dn]
ljsf; ePsf ] ePklg csf {] hLjgdf klg /lxg } /xg ] 5 . h]
ePklg w]/} h;f] dflg;x¿ dg'ios} ¿kdf k'gh{Gd lnG5g\ .
kZ| g M To;sf/0f xfdLx¿ cfˆgf ] sdå{ f/f lgwfl{ /t xfO] gf +} . xfdL
o;nfO { abNg ;S5f +} .
pQ/ M ;fob xfdL ;S5f +} . To;n} ] cfoc{ i6fl+ us dfus{ f ] Pp6f
v'8\lsnf] ;Dos\ k|oTg xf] . slt zlQm nufp“5f} / slQsf]
afgL kl/;Sof] eGg] s'/f xfdLx¿sf] ;f]emf]kgdf e/ kb{5 t/
sfx] L sfx] L dflg;x¿ kl/jtg{ ug {] sfz] Lz ljgf g } o:tf
b'MvbfoL kl/jt{gx¿sf] lzsf/ aGb} lat]sf afgLx¿sf] k|efjdf
;fwf/0f hLjg lgjf{x u5{g\ eGg] s'/f ;To xf] . To:tf
dflg;x¿n] cfºgf] k|lts"n afgLx¿ g;'wf/];Dd b'Mv kfOg}
/xg]5g\ . k|lts"n afgLx¿ w]/} ;do;Dd /lx/x]df ltgLx¿nfO{
;'wf/ ug{ w]/} ufx|f] x'g]5 . af}4x¿n] o;nfO{ a'em]sf x'G5g\ /
kl| tsn" c;/ kfg{ ] dfgl;s afgLx¿nfO { tf8] g\ / ;v' do tyf
c;n gtLhf k|fKt x'g] vfnsf] dfgl;s afgLsf] ljsf; ug{
k|To]s df}sfsf] kmfObf lnG5g\ . s'g} t/Lsfn] af]Ng] / af]Ngaf6
/fl] sg ] tyf sfo { ug {] / sfo { uga{] f6 /fl] sg ] . h:t–} Wofg ug{]
klg cfºgf ] afgL ;w' fg {] t/Lsfx¿ dWos] f ] Ps xf ] . af4} x¿sf]
;Dk0" f { hLjg g } dgnfO { z4' ug {] / :jtGq /fVg ] kl| zIf0f xf ] .
h:tf ] ls olb klxns] f ] hLjgdf tkfOs+{ f ] rl/q bofn ' / wo} j{ fg\
lyof] eg] o; hLjgdf klg To:t} vfnsf] x'G5 . oxL o;
hLjgdf klg tL ;b' 9[ xb“' } ljsf; eof ] eg ] eljiosf ] hLjgdf
klg a9L dfqfdf k'gM ;dfj]z x'G5 . of] w]/} afgL al;;s]sf]
s'/fnfO{ tf]8\g sl7g x'G5 eGg] Pp6f ;fwf/0f tyf b]Vg
;lsg] s'/fdf cfwfl/t 5 .
44 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 45
ca, olb tkfO +{ wL/ / bofjfg \ xg' x' G' 5 eg ] ;fwf/0ftof
tkfO +{ c¿sf ] jxsfjdf nfUg ' xG' g eGg ] yfxf xG' 5 . tkfOs+{ f
ug' f;fx¿ sx] L xb“' g} g \ . dflg;x¿n ] tkfOn+{ fO { dg k/fpb“ 5g\
To;n} ] tkfOs+{ f ] cge' j ;v' lt/ a9L 9Nss] f ] xG' 5 . xfdL ca
csf {] pbfx/0f lncf +} tkfOs+{ f ] cfºgf ] kg' hG{ dsf ] dfgl;s cfr/0fn]
ubf { tkfO +{ wo} j{ fg \ / bofnk' gsf ] hg' L lnP/ cfpg ' eof ] t/
clxns] f ] hLjgdf tkfOs+{ f ] To:tf ] afgL ax] f/] fnfO { alnof ] ug {] /
ljsf; ug {] sfod{ f xn] rqmØfO “ ugx{' G' 5 eg ] ltgLx¿ lj:tf/}
lj:tf/} sdhf]/ x'g]5g\ / vQd x'g]5g\ . clg ;fob eljiosf]
hLjgdf k"0f{tof /xg] 5}gg\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf w}o{ / bofn'kgsf]
sdLn ] ubf { o; hLjgdf jf csf {] hLjgdf l56 } ;Gsg,] l/;fxf,
b'i6kg a9\g] / To;sf] ljsf; x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 h;n] ubf{
To:tf efjgfx¿ cfpg'sf] ;fy} tLtf / g/dfOnf cg'ejx¿
dfq Nofp“b5g\ .
xfdLx¿ Pp6f clGtd pbfx/0f lnG5f } . dflglncf +} ls
tkfOs+{ f ] cfºgf ] clGtd hLjgsf ] dfgl;s cfr/0fn ] ubf { Ifl0fs
;Gsg] / l/;fpg] afgL a]xf]/f lnP/ clxn]sf] h'gLdf cfpg' ef]
t/ To:tf] afgLn] vfln g/dfOnf] dfq t'Nofp“b5 eGg] dx;';
ugx{' G' 5 . tkfO +{ To;nfO { ;sf/fTds efjgfx¿n ] abNgx' G' 5 .
olb tkfO +{ To;nfO { k0" f { tl/sfn ] d6] fpg ;Sg ' xG' 5 eg ] -hg'
tkfOn+{ ] sfz] Lz uge{' P ;Dej klg 5 ._ tkfO +{ g/dfOnfk] gaf6
dQ' m xg' x' g' 5] clg To;sf/0f tkfO +{ To;nfO { kl/jtg{ ug{
sfz] Lz ugx{' G' 5 . To;nfO { ;sf/fTds efjgfåf/f abNgx' G' 5 .
olb tkfO +{ To;nfO { k0" ft{ of d6] fpg ;kmn xg' e' of ] eg ] olb
tkfO +{ sfz] Lz ugx{' G' 5 eg ] of ] ;Dej klg 5 . tkfO +{ Ifl0fs
;Gsg] / l/;sf] sf/0fn] x'g] g/dfOnf]kgaf6 d'Qm x'g'x'g] 5 .
olb tkfO +{ To:tf ] afgL Joxf/] fnfO { vfln lkmtnf ] dfq kfgx{' G' 5
eg] To:tf] s'/f csf{ hGddf k'gM k|fb'ef{j x'G5 hxf“ clnslt
dfq sf]zLz u/]df klg ltgLx¿nfO{ k"0f{tof d]6fpg ;Sg'x'g]5
/ ltgLx¿sf] g/dfOnf] k|efjaf6 d'Qm x'g ;Sg'x'g]5 .
kZ| g M tkfOn+{ ] kg' hG{ dsf ] ljifodf w/] } eGge' of ] t/ d/k] l5 kml] /
hGd x'G5 eGg] s] s] k|df0f 5 t <
pQ/ M o;df af}4x¿sf] k'gh{Gddflysf] ljZjf;nfO{ 6]jf lbg]
j}1flgs k|df0fdfq xf]Og ls oxL Pp6fdfq d/0ff]k/fGtsf]
l;4fGt xf] h;sf] ;dy{gdf s]xL k|df0fx¿ kfOG5g\ . :ju{sf]
cl:tTj 5 egL kd| fl0ft ug {] sg' } Pp6f klg kd| f0f 5g} /
;fob d[To'df ;Dk"0f{ gfz x'G5 eGg] k|df0fdf sdL xf]nf t/
lat]sf #) jif{x¿df dgf]j}1flgsx¿n]– s]xL dflg;x¿n]
klxns] f ] hGdsf ] af/d] f oyfy { ;Demgf xb“' f/] x5] eGg ] kl| tjb] gaf/]
cWoog ul//x]sf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu a]nfotdf Pp6L %
jifs{ L s6] Ln ] p;sf cs {} cfdf afas' f ] ;Demgf ug { ;S5 ' egL
/ p;n] af]n]sf oyfy{tfdf c¿ g} JolQmsf] hLjgdf 36]sf
46 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 47
36gfx¿sf] cfef; x'G5 . Toxf“ dgf]j}1flgsx¿ af]nfOP .
clg ltgLx¿n ] p;nfO { ;of +} kZ| gx¿ u/ ] h;sf ] pQ/ p;n]
lbO{ . p;n] cfkm" Pp6f ljlzi6 ufp“df a:g] u/]sf] s'/f]sf]
af]nL h'g :k]g h:tf] a'lemGYof] . p;n] ufp“sf] gfp“ lbO{ .
cfkm" a;]sf] ;8ssf] gfd, p;sf l5d]sLx¿sf] gfd atfO{ /
Toxf“ p;sf] hLjgsf] lbg rof{sf] af/]df k"0f{ ljj/0f lbO{ .
clg uxe/L cf“z' kf/L cfkm"nfO{ s;/L Pp6f df]6/sf/n] 7Ss/
lbPsf] lyof] / b'O{ lbgkl5 ToxL 3fpx¿sf kL8fn] d/]sL lyO{ .
ha oL ljj/0fx¿nfO{ s]nfP/ a'emL x]bf{ tL ;a} 7Ls /x]5g\ .
:k]gdf Pp6f ufp“ lyof] h;sf] gfd ;f] % jif{sL aflnsfn]
eg]sL lyO{ . p;n] lbPsf gfdsf] ;8sdf p;n] j0f{g u/]
h:t} Pp6f 3/ lyof] . cem a9L of] kQf nfUof] ls To; 3/df
a:g] u/]sL Pp6L @# jifL{of dlxnf kf“r jif{ klxn] Pp6f
df]6/sf/ b'3{6gfaf6 dfl/PsL lyO{ . ca a]nfotdf a:g] u/]sL
% jifL{of aflnsf hf] :k]gdf slxNo} guPsf]nfO{ oL ;a} ljj/0f
s;/L yfxf kfO{ < clg ;fob o:tf] k|sf/sf] 36gf oxL Pp6f
dfq klg xf]Og . elh{lgof ljZjljBfnosf] dgf]lj1fg ljefusf
k|fWofks cfog:6]d]G;gn] cfºgf k':tsx¿df bh{gf}+ o:tf
ks| f/sf cj:yfsf 36gfx¿sf ] j0fg{ uge{' Psf ] 5 . pxf “ Ps
Vofltk|fKt j}1flgs x'g'x'G5 h;sf] &% jif{ nfdf] cjlw klxn]sf]
hLjgsf ] ;Demgf ug {] dflg;x¿sf ] cWoog g } kg' hG{ dsf ] ljifodf
af}4 lzIffsf] Pp6f cToGt alnof] k|df0f xf] .
k|Zg M s]xL JolQmx¿n] cjZo eGnfg\ ls cfˆgf] k"j{hLjgsf]
;:+ d/0f ug { ;Sg ] sfd kt]| x¿sf ] xf ] .
pQ/ M of ] t kt]| x¿sf ] sfd xf ] eg ] h:t } tkfOn+{ fO { ljZjf;
gnfUg] eP h:t} ;a}s'/fnfO{ vfln kG5fpg ;ls“b}g . ha s'g}
klg ljrf/nfO{ 6]jf lbg] alnof] / 7f]; k|df0f ldN5 eg] To;sf]
;fdgf ug { tkfOn+{ ] ljjs] / tsk{ 0" f { tsx{ ¿ ko| fu] ugk{' 5–{
kt]| x¿sf ] af/d] f h:t } cljjs] k0" f { / cGwljZjf;sf ] s/' fn ] xfO] g .
kZ| g M kt]| sf ] af/d] f s/' f ubf { tkfOn+{ ] cGwljZjf; eGg ' eof ] . s]
k'gh{Gdsf] af/]df s'/f ubf{ klg clnslt cGwljZjf; g} ePg
/ <
pQ/ M cGwljZjf;nfO{ zAbsf]ifn] kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 ls–
æPp6f ljZjf; hg' sf/0f jf ;Totfdf cfwfl/t xb“' g} t/
hfb"df h:t} ljrf/x¿sf] ;dli6df cfwfl/t x'G5Æ olb Pp6f
j1} flgsn ] kt]| sf ] cl:tTjaf/ ] uxlsnf ] cWoog u/L nl] vPsf]
bv] fpg ;Sgx' G' 5 eg ] d kt]| x¿df ljZjf; ug {' cGwljZjf;
xfO] g eGg ] 7fGg5] ' t/ dn} ] kt]| x¿sf ] ;DaGwdf cg;' Gwfg
u/]sf] slxNo} klg ;'g]sf] 5}g . j}1flgsx¿ To:tf] s'/fdf
cWoog u//] emGem6df km:g rfxb“ g} g \ . To;n} ] d eG5 ' kt]| sf]
cl:tTjaf/] s]xL klg k|df0f 5}g t/ clxn] e/v/} xfdLn]
k'gh{Gd x'g ;S5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ 6]jf lbg] vfnsf] k|df0f 5 eGg]
48 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 49
yfxf kfof +} . To;n } kg' hG{ dsf ] ljZjf; ;fwf/0ftof sx] L ;Totfdf
cfwfl/t 5 eg] of] cGwljZjf; x'g ;Qm}g .
kZ| g M 7Ls 5 . To;fe] P kg' hG{ ddf ljZjf; ug {] sx] L j1} flgs
lyP t <
pQ/ M cjZo lyP . yfd] ; xS;n,] hf ] !( cf +} ztfAbLdf al[ 6z
:s"n l;:6ddf lj1fg lzIff k|j]z u/fpg]df hjfkmb]xL lyP /
k'gh{Gd eg]sf] ;k|dfl0fs x'g ;Sg] ljrf/ xf] egL ljZjf;
ul/g] 8flj{gsf] l;4fGtnfO{ arfpg] klxnf] j}1flgs klg lyP .
pgsf] gfdL k':ts "Evolution and Ethics and other
essays" df eGb5g\– cfTdf :yfgfGt/0fsf] l;4fGtdf o;sf]
pTklQaf/] a|fDx0f jf af}4 h'g;'s} lsl;dsf cGbfhx¿ kfOPklg
zG" oaf6 dflg;df hfg ;Sg ] kf| dfl0fs bi[ 6fGt lgdf0{ f ug{]
pkfox¿ ;a} tof/ 5g\ . t/ klg o:tf lsl;dsf ts{x¿
c¿eGbf sd k|fdfl0fs g} x'G5g\ / c¿ eGbf tLa| ljrf/x¿n]
cgf7} fk] gsf ] cfefifsf ] cfwf/df c:jLsf/ ug5{] . kf| be' fj{ sf]
l;4fGt h:t}, cfTdf–:yfgfGt/0f oyfy{tfsf] ;+;f/df c+s'l/t
5, h;sf] ;dy{gdf oy]i6 dfqfdf ;fb[Zotf /x]sf] 5 eGg]
s'/fnfO{ 7f]s]/ eGg ;lsG5 .
:jL8]gsf gfdL vuf]nzf:qL, ef}ltszf:qL tyf j}1flgs
cfoG;6Lgsf ;fyL k|fWofks u':tfkm :6«f]Dau{n] klg k'gh{Gdsf]
ljrf/ k|efjsf/L g} kfP .
dfgjcfTdfx¿ k'gM o; ;+;f/df cjtf/ lnG5g\ ln“b}gg\
eGg] s'/fdf dt leGgtf 5 . ;g\ !(#^ df ef/tdf ;/sf/L
clwsf/Lx¿sf] Pp6f rfv nfUbf] s]; k"0f{tof cg';Gwfg u/L
k|ltj]bg lbPsf lyP . lbNnLsL zfGtLb]jL gfd u/]sL Pp6L
s]6Ln] lbNnLeGbf kf“rzo dfOn 6f9f dy'/fdf bf];|f] hGdeGbf
Psjif{ cufl8 ;dfKt ePsf] cfºgf] k"j{hGdsf] af/]df k"0f{
oyfy{ ljj/0f lbg ;lsg\ . pgn] cfºgf nf]Ug]sf] / afnssf]
gfd atfOg\ / cfºgf] 3/ / hLjgsf] Oltxf; atfOg\ . cg';Gwfg
clwsf/Lx¿n] pgnfO{ cfºgf k"j{ gft]bf/x¿ sxf“ nu] . h;n]
pgsf] sygx¿nfO{ hf“r]/ x]/] . ef/tLo hgtfdf k'ghL{jgaf/]
ulx/f] 5fk 5 . o; s];df cgf}7f] s'/f s] 5 eg] tL s]6Ln]
c;+Vo oyfy{ s'/fx¿sf] ;Demgf ul/g\ . of] / o:t} lsl;dsf
36gfx¿nfO{ cIfo :d/0fzlQmsf] l;4fGtsf] yk k|df0fsf] ¿kdf
lng ;lsG5 .
;DdfggLo a]nfotL a}1flgs, k|fWofks h'lnog xS;n]
hf] o"g]:sf]sf dxflgb]{zs x'g'x'GYof] . k'gh{Gd j}1flgs
ljrf/wf/f;“u k"0f{tof ;fdGh:otf /fVb5 eGg] ljZjf;
ug'{x'GYof] .
æ;bfsfn hLljt /xg] cfTdfsf] v08gdf s]xL klg
50 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 51
kfO“b}g . d/0fsf] a]nfdf s'g} lsl;dn] PSnf]kg eP/ 5f]8]/
hfg] dfq xf] h;/L s'g} Pp6f lglb{i6 t/Lsfn] k|of]u ul/Psf]
oGqåf/f k7fPsf] Pp6f k|i6 j]tf/sf] ;Gb]z h:t} t/ of] ;Demg
clt cfjZos 5 ls of] a]tf/sf] ;Gb]z Tolt a]nfdfq ;Gb]z
xG' 5 ha o;nfO { csf {] Pp6f dl] zg– l/l;e/;u“ ;Dks { /fVb5 .
To;/L g} cfTdf :yfgfGt/0fdf klg ;Dej 5 . o;n] s'g}
t/Lsfn] c¿ z/L/df km]l/ k|j]z gu/];Dd s]xL klg ;f]Rb}g jf
rfn kfp“b}g . xfdLx¿sf] JolQmTj klg z/L/df o;/L cfwfl/t
xG' 5 sL afR“ g ] ljrf/ ug {' klg ;fR“ r } c;Dej xG' 5 hg' Ps}
ks| f/sf ] z/L/x¿sf ] cefjdf ;fR“ r } eg “' eg ] JolQmut xG' 5 .
s]xL s'/f 5f]8]/ uPsf] af/] d ljrf/ ug{ ;S5' h'g Pp6f
at] f/sf ] ;Gbz] n ] k;| f/ ug {] oGqn ] h:t } nfU] g ] dflg; jf :jf:gL
dflg;l;t ;DaGw /fVb5 t/ d[tssf] af/]df, Pp6fn] b]Vg
;s];Dd, ]sL klg xf]Og vfln a|Dxf08df 3'ld lx“8\g] ljleGg
k|sf/sf cj/f]wx¿ h:t} -ljs[lt_ dfq x'g\ . ha o;n] s'g}
ks| f/sf ] ux| 0f ug {] oGqn ] h:t } dfgl;s ;Dks { /fV5 ta
cfºgf] r]tgfdf k'gM kmls{G5 .Æ
cd]l/sfsf pBf]uklt x]g/L kmf]8{ h:tf Psbd}
:jfefljs tyf oyfy{jfbL JolQmn] :jLsf/ of]Uo ljrf/
k'gh{Gdaf/] kQf nufP . k'gh{Gdsf] ljrf/n] kmf]8{ cToGt
cfslif{t lyP . lsgeg] O{Zj/jfbL ljrf/ / ef}ltsjfbL ljrf/sf]
ljkl/t kg' hG{ dn ] cfºgf ] ljsf; ug {] bf;] f| ] dfs} f kb| fg ub5{ .
x]g/L kmf]8{ eGb5g\ –
æha d 5AaL; jif{sf] lyP“ ta d}n] k'gM cjtf/sf]
l;4fGtnfO { ux| 0f u/ +] . wdn{ ] o;af/ ] sx] L lbPg / sfdn ] klg
dnfO { k0" f { ;Gtfi] f u/g] . olb Pp6f hLjgaf6 csf {] hLjgdf
;u+ x| u/s] f cge' jx¿nfO { ko| fu] df Nofpg ;sg] f +} eg ] sfd
ug {' klg Joy { 5 . dn} ] kg' M cjtf/ kQf nufP “ . dn} ] aD| xf08–
of]hgf km]nf kf/] h:t} eof] . d]/f] ljrf/n] sfd ug{ ;S5 eGg]
dxz;" u/ “] . ;do sd lyof ] . d 38Lsf ;O" x{ ¿sf ] bf; afxs]
c¿ s]xL eOg . ;Ifdtf g} cg'ej xf] . s;} s;}n] o;nfO{
j/bfg jf of]Uotf eGg] u5{g\ t/ of] w]/} h'gLx¿sf] nfdf]
cg'ejsf] kmn xf] . s'g} c¿eGbf kfsf] cfTdf x'G5 / p;n] w]/}
yfxf kfp“5 . k'gM cjtf/sf] cfljisf/n] d]/f] dgnfO{ xn'sf
u¥of] . olb o; jftf{nfksf] /]s8{ ;'/lIft /fVg' x'G5 eg]
o;nfO{ n]Vg'xf]nf tf ls dflg;x¿sf] dg xn'sf kfg{ ;lsG5 .
hLjgsf] nfdf] ljrf/x¿n] lbg] zflGtaf/] c¿x¿nfO{ klg
eGg dg nfUb5 .Æ
o;sf/0f k'gh{Gd ;DaGwL af}4 lzIffnfO{ 6]jf lbg]
s]xL j}1flgs k|df0fx¿ cjZo 5g\ . oL ts{o'Qm 5g\ tyf
O{Zj/jfb / ef}ltsjfbsf l;4fGtx¿n] lbg g;s]sf k|Zgx¿sf]
hjfkm lbg of] w]/} cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . t/ of] Psbd} cf/fdbfoL
52 k'gh{Gd k|Zgf]Q/ 53
klg 5 . bf];|f] df}sf lbg ;Sg], o; h'gLsf cfkm"n] u/]sf
uNtLx¿ ;w' f/ ug {] dfs} f lbg ] / o; hg' Ldf hfgs] f 1fg /
ofU] otfx¿sf ] ljsf; ug {] yk ;do glbg ] hLjgsf l;4fGteGbf
v/fa c¿ s] x'g ;S5 xf]nf < t/ a'4sf] egfO cg';f/ o;
hg' Ldf tkfOn+{ ] lgjf0{ f kf| Kt ug {' ePg eg ] tkfOn+{ ] csf {] ;dodf
sfz] Lz ug {] dfs} f kfpgx' g' 5] . olb tkfOn+{ ] o; hg' Ldf uNtL
uge{' of ] eg ] csf {]{ hg' Ldf tkfO +{ cfkmn} ] ;w' f/ ug { ;Ifd xg' x' g' 5] .
;f“Rr} g} cfºgf uNtLx¿af6 l;Sg ;Ifd x'g]5 . o; h'gLdf
ug { g;ss] f jf kf| Kt ug { g;ss] f s/' fx¿ csf {] hg' Ldf /fd/| L
;Dej x'g]5 . s:tf] cgf}7f] lzIff xf] .
v
6= !fg / s?)ff
k|Zg M af}4x¿n] w]/}rf]l6 1fg / s¿0ffsf] ljifodf s'/fsfgL
ul//x]sf] cS;/ ;'Gb5' . oL b'O{ zAbsf] s] cy{ xf] <
pQ/ M s]xL wd{x¿n] ljZjf; ub{5g\ ls s¿0ff cyjf dfof -
b'a} ;dfg h:t} 5g\ ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ cfWoflTds u'0f xf] t/
ltgLx¿ s'g} 1fgsf] ljsf; ug{ eg] c;kmn x'G5g\ h;sf]
kmn:j¿k tkfO{+ Pp6f cToGt bofn' JolQm t/ yf]/} jf
gf;dembf/L c;n x[boL d"v{ eO{ ;dfKt x'g'x'g]5 . c¿ ljrf/sf
k4ltx¿ h:t}, lj1fgåf/f c;n t/Lsfn] 1fg ljsf; ug{
;lsG5 ha ls ;a} efjgfx¿n] s¿0ff ;lxtnfO{ dfu{b]lv
cln 6f9f /fv]df eGg] ljZjf; ub{5g\ . o;sf] gtlhf of] x'G5
ls lj1fgn] gtLhfx¿sf] 7fp“ klxn] g} cf]u6]sf] efg x'G5 /
lj1fgn ] dflg;sf ] ;j] f ugk{' 5 { p;nfO { lgoGq0f tyf lyrfl] drf]
ug {] xfO] g eGg ] ;dt] la;s{] f ] 5 . gqeg ] j1} flgsx¿n ] k/df0f'
ad, sL6f0f' gf;s tyf To:t} k|sf/sf ljsf; ug{ cfºgf a'l4
54 !fg / s?)ff k|Zgf]Q/ 55
lvofpg s;/L ;Sy] < wd{n] ;bf ;j{bf efjgfsf b'Zdg dfof
/ ljZjf;nfO{ h:t} x]t' -sf/0f_ / 1fgnfO{ x]/]sf] x'G5 . lj1fgn]
;w +} efjgfx¿ h:t } dfof / ljZjf;nfO { sf/0f / p2Z] osf]
b'Zdg h:t} x]/]sf] x'G5 . clg To;}n] ;fob hlt hlt lj1fg
ku| ltkydf nDsG5 pltplt wd { 36b\ } hfG5 . csfl{] t/, ;fR“ r}
g } ;Gtn' g tyf k0" f { JolQmut ug {] xf ] 1fg / s¿0ff . oL
ba' n} fO { tkfOn+{ ] ljsf; ub {} nfgk' b5{ eGg ] lzIff a4' wdn{ ] lbG5 .
of] cGwljZjf;df cfwfl/t geO{ cg'ejdf cfwfl/t ePsf]
xb“' f a4' wdn{ ] lj1fgbl] v tl;g{ ' kg {] sf/0f sx] L klg 5g} .
k|Zg M To;f] eP, a'4wd{ cg';f/ 1fg eg]sf] s] xf] t <
pQ/ M s'g} klg 36gfx¿ k"0f{ 5}gg\, l:y/ 5}gg\ / cfkm}df
;Lldt 5}gg\ egL oyfy{ ;TonfO{ b]Vg' g} ;a}eGbf pRr 1fg
xf] . o:tf] ;dembf/L k"0f{ :jtGq x'G5 / dxf/Iff / cgGt
;'vlt/ 8f]¥ofp“b5 h;nfO{ lgjf{0f elgG5 . To;f]eP klg a'4n]
o:tf ] cj:yfsf ] 1fg af/d] f w/] } s/' f ugx{' G' g . xfdLnfO { h]
elgPsf ] 5 olb To;nfO { dfq ljZjf; ug {] xf ] eg ] Tof ] 1fg
xf]Og . ;xL 1fg eg]sf] xfdLx¿n] k|ToIf b]Vg' / a'‰g' xf] . o;
cj:yfdf 1fg eGgfn] Xbo aGb u/L sf/0f yfxf gkfO{ c¿
c¿ larf/ ;'lg/xg' eGbf klg dgnfO{ vf]n]/ lng] a:t' xf] .
afn'jfdf cfºgf] 6fpsf] uf8]/ a:g'eGbf tYox¿nfO{ /fd|f]l;t
s]nfP/ x]g'{, xfd|f] ljZjf;;“u bf“h]/ x]g'{, k"jf{u|xL x'g' jf
kIflng'eGbf klg lqmofzLn x'g', xfdLnfO{ lbPsf] a9L efjgfTds
s/' fx¿nfO { klxn ] :jLsf/ uge{' Gbf klg xfdLx¿sf ] ljrf/ /
ljZjf; of]Uo agfpg ;do lng] clg hlxn] klg xfdLx¿sf]
ljZjf; abNg] / c¿nfO{ lrQ ga'‰g] tYox¿ hlxn] klg xfdL
;dIf /fVg cfP To;nfO { :jLsf/ ug {] . o:tf ] ug {] Pshgf
JolQm cjZo klg ljåfg \ xG' 5 / ;To 1fg kf| Kt ug {] sfod{ f b9[
xG' 5 . h ] egs] f ] 5 To;nfO { dfq ljZjf; ug {] af6f ] ;/n 5 .
a'4dfu{sf] nflu ;fx;, w}o{, nrstf / a'l4dtf x'g' cfjZos
5 .
k|Zg M d]/f] ljrf/df s]xL AolQmx¿n] dfq o;f] ug{ ;Snfg\ .
To;}n] s]xL AolQmn] dfq o:tf] cEof; ug{ ;S5g\ eg] a'4wd{sf]
;f/ g} s] eof] / <
pQ/ M of] ;To xf], ;a}hgf a'4wd{sf] nflu tof/ 5}gg\ . t/
klg xfdLn ] wdd{ f h ] l;sfp5“ f +} Tof ] unt 5 t/ ;lhnl} ;t
a'‰g ;lsgfsf] sf/0fn] k|To]sn] cEof; ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] s'/fg}
cgf}7f] 5 . a'4wd{ ;Totfdf nlIft x'G5 / To;}n] ;a}n] o;nfO{
/fd/| L a‰' g ;Sg ] Ifdtf gePtf klg pgLx¿ csf {] hg' Ldf
56 !fg / s?)ff k|Zgf]Q/ 57
o;sf] nflu ;fob tof/ x'G5g\ . h]ePtf klg To:tf w]/}
dflg;x¿ 5g\ hf] 7Ls zAbx¿ dfqn] jf k|f]T;fxgn] cfºgf]
1fg a9fpg of]Uo x'G5g\ . clg o;}sf/0fsf] nflu g} af}4x¿
lj:tf/} zflGtk"j{s cfºgf a'4wd{sf 1fgx¿ c¿nfO{ klg af“8\g]
k|of; ub{5g\ . a'4n] xfdLx¿nfO{ s¿0ff /fvL lzIff lbg'ePsf]
5 / xfdLx¿n ] klg c¿dfly s¿0ff /fvL l;sfpb“ 5f +} .
kZ| g M ca s¿0ffdf cfOkU' of +} . a4' wd { cg;' f/ s¿0ff egs] f ] s]
xf] <
pQ/ M 1fgn] xfdLx¿sf] :jefjsf] af}l4s cyjf eGg of]Uo
s'/fx¿ ;dfj]z u/] h:t} s¿0ffn] xfdLx¿sf] :jefjsf]
efjgfTds cyjf dxz;" ug {] kIf ;dfjz] ub5{ . 1fg h:t}
s¿0ff klg ljz]if u/L dfgjLo u'0f xf] . s¿0ff (Compassion)
cu+ h]| Ldf bO' { zAbx¿ ldn/] ags] f ] 5 . Co h;sf]
cy{;“u} eGg] x'G5 / (Passion) h;sf] cy{ ulx/f] s'/fsf]
dx;"; eGg] x'G5 . clg (Compassion) s¿0ff eg]sf] oxL
g } xf ] . ha xfdLx¿ c¿ s;n} fO { bM' v k/s] f ] bV] 5f +} / xfdLx¿n]
Tof ] bM' v cfkmn} fO { k/s] f ] h:tf ] dxz;" u5f +} / To;nfO { x6fpg
jf bM' v sd ug { hg' ko| f; u5f {+} eg ] ToxL g } s¿0ff xf ] .
To;}n] dflg;x¿df ;a}eGbf c;n ;a} a'4s} h:t} u'0fx¿–
h:t} af“8]/ lng], cf/fd lbg tof/ x'g], ;fGTjgf lbg], lrGtf
lng] / /v] bv] ug {] cflb ;a } s/0ffsf Bft] sljlb kIf xg' \ .
s¿0ffjfg \ JolQmdf c¿nfO { /v] bv] ug {] / dfof ug {] efjgfsf]
pTklQ cfkmn} fO { /v] bv] ug {] / dfof ugd{] f xG' 5 eGg ] s/' f klg
tkfOn+{ ] yfxfkfpg ' xg' 5] . xfdLn ] xfdLx¿nfO { a‰' g ;Sof +} eg]
xfdLx¿n ] c¿nfO { klg ;fR“ g } g } a‰' g ;Sg5] f +} . ;ae} Gbf c;n
s'/f s] xf] eGg] yfxf kfP kl5 xfdLx¿n] c¿x¿sf] nflu
;ae} Gbf c;n s/' f ] s ] xf ] eGg ] s/' f yfxf kfpg ;Sg5] f +} .
xfdLn] cfkm}nfO{ lrGg ;s]kl5 xfdLx¿n] c¿nfO{ klg lrGg
;Sg5] f +} . To;n} ] a4' wdd{ f a9L kf| sl[ ts 9u+ n ] Pp6fsf ] cfWoflTds
ljsf;n] c¿sf] sNof0fsf] nflu lrGtf k|:km'l/t eP/ cfp“5 .
a'4sf] hLjgLn] o;nfO{ cem lj:t[t u/]sf] 5 . pgn] cfºg}
sNof0fsf] nflu ^ jif{ ;+3if{ u/L latfP . To;kl5 pgL ;a}
dfgjdfqsf] lgldQ sNof0fsf/L dflgg of]Uo eP .
kZ| g M To;f ] eP tkfO +{ eGb } xg' x' G' 5 ls xfdLn ] cfkmn} fO { d2t
ug { ;sd] fq xfdLx¿n ] c¿nfO { c;n t/Lsfn ] d2t ug { ;Sg5] f +} .
s] of] clnslt :jfyL{ s'/f ePg / <
pQ/ M ;fwf/0ftof xfdL klxn ] c¿sf ] enfOnfO { xb] 5{ f,+} cfºgf]
eGbf klxnf c¿sf ] lrGtf lnG5f +} hg' :jfyL { efjgfsf ] 7Ls
58 !fg / s?)ff k|Zgf]Q/ 59
pN6f] 5 h;df c¿k|lt eGbf klxn] cfºg} dfq jf:tf ub{5 .
a4' wdn{ ] of ] klxnf ] jf bf;] f| n] fO { dfq xb“' g} ls a¿ ba' s} f]
;lDd>0fnfO { lnb“ 5} . jf:tjdf cfºgf ] lrGtf ugn{] ] la:tf/}
c¿sf ] lrGtf ugl{] t/ a9b\ 5 h;/L Psn ] c¿nfO { ;fR“ r } cfkm"
;dfg 7fGb5 . oxL g} jf:tljs s¿0ff xf].
7= zfsfxf/L
k|Zg M af}4x¿ zfsfxf/L x'g'kb{5, xf]Og / <
pQ/ M cfjZos 5}g . a'4 zfsfxf/L x'g'x'Gg lyof] . pxf“n]
cfºgf lziox¿nfO{ zfsfxf/L x'g] lzIff lbg'ePg / clxn] klg
5}g . w]/} c;n af}4x¿ 5g\ hf] slxNo} klg zfsfxf/L ePgg\ .
kZ| g M t/ olb tkfO +{ df; ' vfgx' G' 5 eg ] cbZ[ o ¿kn ] kf| 0fL3ftkl| t
pQ/bfoL x'g'x'G5 . o;n] klxnf] zLn eË ePg / <
pQ/ M of ] ;To xf ] ls ha tkfO { df;s' f ] ;j] g ugx{' G' 5 eg]
tkfO{ k/f]If / cf+lzs ¿kdf k|f0fL lx+;fdf pQ/bfoL x'g'x'G5
t/ To;/L g } ;To xf ] ls hg' an] f tkfO +{ ;fu;AhLsf ] ;j] g
ugx{' G' 5 . ;fu;AhLx¿ tkfOs+{ f ] vfgfsf ] yfndf sL/fn ] vfPsf
Kjfnx¿ /lxt xf]pmg\ eGgfvflt/ ls;fgn] klg cfºgf]
cGgafnLdf sL6f0f'gf;s cf}iflw / ljif 5s{g'kb{5 . clg km]l/
klg tkfO{+sf] sd/k]6Lsf] nflu cyjf Xof08Jofusf] nflu
5fnf kfpg hLjhGtx' ¿nfO { dfl/G5, tkfOn+{ ] ko| fu] ug {] ;fag' sf]
60 zfsfxf/L k|Zgf]Q/ 61
nflu klg s]xL g s]xL dfl/G5g\ . s'g} g s'g} k|sf/n] c¿x¿sf]
d[To'sf] nflu k/f]If¿kn] pQ/bfoL geO{ af“Rg k|foM c;Dej
5 . of ] Pp6f klxnf ] cfo;{ Tosf ] csf {] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf ] .
;fwf/0f cl:tTj g } bM' v / c;Gti' 6L xf ] . ha tkfO +{ klxnf]
zLn ux| 0f ugx{' G' 5 ta tkfO +{ kT| oIf¿kdf kf| 0fL3ft uga{ f6
pQ/bfoL x'g klG5g' x'G5 .
kZ| g M dxfofgL af4} x¿ df;s' f ] ;j] g ubg{} g \ .
pQ/ M Tof] s'/f ;To xf]Og . rLgdf dxfofgL af}4 wd{n]
zfsfxf/L x'gdf 7"nf] hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 t/ hfkfg / ltAatsf
dxfofgL k/Dk/fsf b'a} leIf' tyf pkf;s pkfl;sfx¿n]
;fwf/0ftof df;'sf ;]jg ub{5g\ .
k|Zg M t/ d cem} klg eGb5' ls af}4x¿ zfsfxf/L g} x'g'kb{5 .
pQ/ M olb Pp6f dflg; hf] cToGt s§/ zfsfxf/L 5 t/ pm
c;fWo :jfyL,{ c;Eo, gLr 5 / csf {] Pp6f dflg; hf ] zfsfxf/L
xf]Og t/ pm c¿sf] ljrf/ u5{, OdfGbf/ 5, pbf/ 5 / bofn'
5 eg] oL b'O{hgf dWo] s'g rf“lx c;n af}4 x'g\ <
k|Zg M Tof] dflg;, hf] OdfGbf/ / bofn' 5 .
pQ/ M lsg <
k|Zg M lsgeg] To:tf] dflg; lgZroklg c;n Xbosf] x'G5 .
pQ/ M cjZo . Pshgf df;s' f ] ;j] g ug {] dflg;sf ] Xbo z4'
xg' ;Sb5 . 7Ls To;/L g } Pshgf df;s' f ] ;j] g gugs{] f ] Xbo
cz4' xg' ;Sb5 . af4} lzIffdf tkfOn+{ ] ;j] g ug {] vfgfdf
;dfjz] ul/Psf s/' fx¿eGbf tkfOs+{ f ] Xbosf ] u0' f a9L dxTjk0" f{
s/' f xf ] . w/] } h;f ] af4} x¿ slxNo } df;s' f ] ;j] g klg gugd{' f
7"nf] Vofn /fVb5g\ t/ pgLx¿ :jfyL{ x'g], OdfGbf/ gx'g], b'i6
cyjf Oi{ ofn{ ' xg' ] s/' fdf eg ] jf:tf g } ubg{} g \ . pgLx¿n]
cfºgf] cfxf/ abNb5g\ h'g ;lhnf] klg 5 t/ Xbo kl/jt{g,
hg' ug { ufxf| ] 5, ugd{ f klg jf:tf ubg{} g \ . To;n} ] tkfO+{
zfsfxf/L xg' x' f;] \ of df;+ fxf/L a4' wdd{ f cfºgf ] dg z4' ug {' g}
;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] eGg] ;DemL /fVg'k5{ .
62 efUo / bb' z{ f k|Zgf]Q/ 63
k|Zg M hfb" / eljio agfpg] s'/fdf a'4n] s;/L lzIff lbg'ePsf]
lyof] <
pQ/ M eljiosf] s'/f eGg nufpg], /Iffsf] lgldQ hfb"sf
a'6Lx¿ nufpg], lgdf{0fsf] lgldQ efUozfnL :yfgx¿ lgwf{l/t
ug,{] eljiojf0fL u/fpg ] / efUozfnL lbgx¿ lgwfl{ /t u/fpg]
cflb s'/fx¿ sfd gnfUg] cGwljZjf; l;jfo s]xL xf]Ogg\
egL a'4n] 7x¥ofpg'ePsf] 5 . To;}n] pxf“n] :ki6 ¿kdf
cfºgf lziox¿nfO{ To:tf s'/fx¿sf] cEof;df gnfUg
/f]Sg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] oL ;a}nfO{ …s' sd{Ú egL eGg'ePsf] 5 .
æTo;f] ePtfklg s'g} s'g} wfld{s JolQmx¿ cfºgf
ljZjf;Lx¿n] k'¥ofO/fv]sf] vfgfdf hLjg lgjf{x ub{5g\ .
pgLx¿n ] cfºgf hLjg ofkg To:t } æs ' sdÆ{ h:t } xft xg] ,{]
lrGxx¿ x]/]/ eljio eGg], ;kgfx¿sf] JofVof u/]/, ;'efUo
NofP/, efUob]jLnfO{ cfx\jfg u/]/, lgdf{0fsf] nflu efUozfnL
:yfgx¿ 5fGg] h:tf unt t/Lsf ckgfp“5g\ . uf}td a'4
8= efUo / b'b{zf
o:tf …s'sd{Ú / To:tf hLjg ofkgsf] unt t/Lsfaf6 6f9f
a:b5g\ .Æ
wDdkb !(–!@
k|Zg M To;f] eP dflg;x¿ slxn] sf“xL lsg To:tf] s'/fsf]
cEof; ub{5g\ / To;df ljZjf; ub{5g\ <
pQ/ M nf]e, eo / c1fgtfsf] sf/0fn] ub{5g\ . hlt a]nf
dflg;x¿n] a'4sf] lzIff a'‰g yfNb5g\, ltgLx¿n] cfkm} Pp6f
;fgf] 6'qmf sfuhn] eGbf, ;fgf] 6'qmf wft'n] eGbf, Pp6f s]xL
zAbx¿sf] oGqn] pRrf/0f eGbf Pp6f z'4 dgn] pgLx¿nfO{
;'/lIft ub{5g\ eGg] dxz"; ub{5g\ / To:tf s'/fx¿sf] e/
kbg{} g \ . a4' sf ] lzIffdf OdfGbf/, bofnk' g, ;dembf/L, wo} ,{
IfflGt, pbf/tf, ;RrfelQm tyf c¿ c;n u'0fx¿ 5g\ h;n]
jf:tjdf tkfOn+{ fO { ;/' Iff ub5{ / ;fR“ rs} f ] pGgltdf k¥' ofpb“ 5 .
k|Zg M t/ s'g} s'g} efUozfnL a'6Lx¿n] k|efjsf/L sfd lbG5
xf]Og / <
pQ/ M d Pp6f JolQmnfO{ lrGb5' hf] efUozfnL a'6Lx¿ a]r]/
cfºgf] hLjg latfO/x]sf] 5 . p;sf] a'6Ln] d+un ub{5, pGglt
Nofp“5 eGg] p bfaL ub{5 / tLgj6f c+sx¿ 5fGg of]Uo x'G5
eGg] arg pm lbG5 . olb p;n] eg]sf ;a} ;To x'G5g\ eg] pm
64 efUo / bb' z{ f k|Zgf]Q/ 65
cfkm} lsg s/f]8klt x'g g;s]sf] t < olb p;sf] efUozfnL
a'6Lx¿n] ;f“Rr} k|efjsf/L sfd u5{ eg] lsg p;n] xKt}lkR5]
cfkm"nfO{ lr¶f kfg{ g;s]sf] t < pm ;“u Pp6} dfq efUo
v'n]sf] 5 Tof] s] xf] eg] w]/} dflg;x¿ c1fgtfjz p;sf
efUozfnL a'6Lx¿ lslg/x]sf 5g\ .
k|Zg M To;f] eP efUo eGg] s]xL j:t' 5 t <
pQ/ M efUonfO{ zAbsf]ifn] kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 ls,
ædflg;x¿nfO{ cfºgf] 36gfqmddf df}sfaf6, b'ef{Uo jf
;e' fUoaf6 hf ] /fdf| ] jf g/fdf| ] xG' 5 To;nfO { ljZjf; ugÆ{'
a4' n ] o:tf ] ljZjf;nfO { k0" ft{ of c:jLsf/ uge{' Psf ] 5 . kT| os]
s'/f x'gdf Pp6f ljz]if sf/0f jf sf/0fx¿ x'G5g\ clg tL
sf/0f / To;sf] gtLhfsf] aLr cjZo klg s]xL ;DaGw x'g' g}
kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu /f]u nfUgdf s'g} ljz]if sf/0fx¿
5g\ . /f]u nfUbf cjZo klg sL6f0f'x¿sf] ;+;u{df cfPsf]
x'g'k5{ / p;sf] z/L/ sL6f0f'n] 7fp“ lng ;Sg] u/L sdhf]/
x'g'kb{5 . sf/0f -sL6f0f'x¿ / Pp6f lga{n z/L/_ / gtLhf -
la/fdL kg{' ba' s} f aLrdf Pp6f lglZrt ;DaGw 5 . lsgeg]
xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 ls sL6f0f'x¿n] xfd|f] z/L/sf ljleGg uf“7fx¿df
xdnf ub{5g\ / la/fdL kfb{5g\ . t/ zAbx¿ n]lvPsf] Ps
6'qmf sfuh nufpg'df, wgL x'g'df jf k/LIffdf pQL0f{ x'g'df
s]xL ;DaGw /x]sf] kfO“b}g . h] klg x'G5 ;a} sf/0f jf sf/0fx¿n]
x'G5g\, efUo, df}sf klg b'b{zfn] x'g] xf]Og egL a'4wd{n] lzIff
lbG5 . efUodf rf;f] /fVg] dflg;x¿ ;“w} s]xL kfpg] sf]lzz
ul//xG5g\– ;fwf/0ftof w]/} k};f / ;DklQ . a'4n] xfdLnfO{
lzIff lbgx' G' 5 ls xfdLx¿sf ] Xbo / dgnfO { ljsf; ug{'
;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ 5 . pxf“ eGg' x'G5 –
ulx/f] cWoog / s'zn ;Lk x'g',
/fdf| l] ;t kl| zlIft xg' ' / dL7f ] afn] L arg ko| fu] ug,{'
oL g} pQd d+un x'g\ .
cfdf afan' fO { ;xofu] ug,{'
kTgL / 5f/] f5f/] Lsf ] nfng kfng ug,{'
;fwf/0f lsl;dn ] hLjg lgjfx{ ug,{'
oL g} pQd d+un x'g\ .
pbf/, oyfy{ / cfkmGtx¿sf] nflu ;xof]uL x'g' .
cfkmn" ] ug {] sfd bfi] f/lxt xg' ,' oL g } pQd du+ n xg' \ .
bi' 6o\ fOa“ f6 6f9f xg' ,' dfbs kbfy { ;j] g gug{'
c;n sfddf lg/Gt/ nflu /xg'
oL g} pQd d+un x'g\ .
>4fn', gd|tf, ;Gt'i6L, s[t1tf / /fd|f wd{sf s'/f ;'Gg'
oL g} pQd d+un x'g\ .
;+o'Qm lgsfo @^!–@^%
66 af$} xg' ' k|Zgf]Q/ 67
kZ| g M tkfOn+{ ] clxn;] Dd h ] eGge' of ] ;f ] ;f¥x } rfv nfUof ] . d
s;/L af}4 x'g ;S5' <
pQ/ M Ps ;dodf pkfln eGg] Pshgf dflg; lyof] . pm c¿
g} wd{sf] cg'ofoL lyof] . pm a'4 sxf“ 5nkmn ug{ / jxf“nfO{
wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg] x]t'n] Toxf“ uof] . t/ a'4;“u s'/fsfgL
u/]kl5 pm olQsf] k|efljt eof] ls p;n] a'4sf] cg'ofoL aGg]
lg0f{o u¥of] . t/ a'4n] eGg' eof]–
æklxn ] /fd/| L hfr“ /] x/] . tkfO +{ h:tf ] kl| ;4 JolQmn]
/fd/| L hfr“ /] xg] {' /fdf| ] xg' 5] .Æ
ca eujfg\n] dnfO{ æklxn] /fd|/L hf“r u/Æ egL
eGg ' xb“' f d cem w/] {} v;' L / ;Gti' 6 eP “ lsgeg ] olb c¿
wd{sf ;b:ox¿n] dnfO{ lziosf] ¿kdf u|x0f u/] eg] ltgLx¿n]
xftdf em08f lnP/ zx/sf] rf/}lt/ pkfln æxfdLx¿sf] wd{df
cfPÆ eGb} 3'Dg] unf{g\ t/ eujfg\n] dnfO{ eGg'eof] æklxn]
9= af}$ x'g'
/fd/| L hfr“ /] x/] . tkfO +{ h:tf ] kl| ;4 JolQmn ] /fd/| L hfr“ /] xg] {'
/fd|f] x'g]5 .Æ
dlHemdlgsfo @–#&(
a'4wd{df ;dembf/L Psbd} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 /
;dembf/Ldf ;do nfUb5 . To;}n] x8a8 u/L a'4wd{df nfUg'
kbg{} . ;do np] m, kZ| gx¿ u/ / /fd/| L ljrf/ u//] x/] clg
cfkm} g} lg0f{o u/ . a'4n] a9L ;+Vofdf lziox¿ agfpg] OR5f
uge{' Psf ] lyPg . dflg;x¿n ] /fd/| L hfr“ /] x/] /] clg oyfyt{ fnfO{
ljrf/ u/]/ cfºgf lzIffx¿ /fd|/L kfng u¿g\ eGg] s'/fdf
pxf“ lrlGtt x'g'x'GYof] .
k|Zg M olb hf“r]/ x]bf{ a'4sf] lzIff :jLsf/ of]Uo kfP“ / af}4 x'g
rfx +] eg ] dn} ] ta s ] ug {' knf { <
pQ/ M /fd|f] ljxf/ cyjf af}4 ;d'bfodf ;dfj]z x'g' g} ;a}eGbf
/fdf| ] xfn] f . pgLx¿nfO { ;xofu] ugx{' f;] / pgLx¿af6 klg
;xof]u lng'xf];\ / a'4sf] lzIffnfO{ cem a9L yfxf kfpg
lg/Gt/ nfUgx' f;] \ . ha tkfO +{ tof/ xg' x' fn] f ta lq/Tgsf]
z/0f uO{ cf}krfl/s ¿kdf af}4 x'g'x'g]5 .
k|Zg M lqz/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <
pQ/ M z/0f eg]sf] To:tf] 7fp“ xf] hxf“ dflg;x¿ cfkm"nfO{
68 af$} xg' ' k|Zgf]Q/ 69
b'Mv kbf{ cyjf ;'/Iffsf] cfjZos kbf{ hfg] u5{g\ . z/0f w]/}
lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . ha dflg;x¿ b'MvL x'G5g\ ltgLx¿ cfºgf
;fyLx¿sf] z/0fdf hfG5g\, ha pgLx¿ lrlGtt / eoeLt
x'G5g\ ta ltgLx¿ em"7f] cfzf / ljZjf;sf] z/0fdf nfU5g\ .
ha ltgLx¿df d[To' cfOnfU5 ta ltgLx¿ cnf}lss :ju{sf]
ljZjf;df z/0f n]nfg\ . t/ a'4n] eGg'eP h:t} logLx¿dWo]
s'g} klg ;f“rf z/0f xf]Ogg\ lsgeg] ltgLx¿n] oyfy{tfdf
cfwfl/t ;'v / ;'/Iff lbg ;Sb}gg\ .
;f“rf] cy{df of] z/0f ;'/lIft 5}g . of] pQd z/0f
klg xf]Og . ;a} k|sf/sf] b'Mvaf6 5'6\sf/f kfpg] z/0f klg
5}g . t/ h;n] b'Mv, b[Zosf] sf/0f, b'Mvsf] lg/f]w / b'MvnfO{
lg/fw] ug {] cfoc{ i6fl+ us dfun{ fO { k1| f bl[ i6n ] x/] L a4' , wd { /
;+3sf] z/0f lng' g} jf:tjdf ;'/lIft z/0f, pQd z/0f xf] .
oxL z/0f lnPdf hf] sf]xL klg ;a} k|sf/sf b'Mvx¿af6 d'Qm
x'g;Qm5 .
wDdkb !*(–!(@
a'4sf] z/0fdf hfg', a'4n] k|fKt u/] h:t} ;j{1 af]lw1fg
kf| Kt ug { ;lsG5 eGg ] lglZrt ¿kn ] :jLsf/ ug {' xf ] . wds{ f]
z/0f lng'sf] cy{ xf]– rt'/fo{;TotfnfO{ oyfy{ ¿kdf a'‰g'
tyf cfºgf] hLjg cfo{ci6f+lusdfu{df cfwfl/t agfpg' . ;+3sf]
z/0fdf hfg'sf] cy{ xf]– cfo{ ci6f+lus dfu{df lx8\g]x¿af6
;xofu] , k/]| 0ff / dfu { lgbz{] g kfpg ' . o:tf ] ugfn{ ] af4} xfO] G5
/ lgjf{0fsf] af6f]lt/ Ps kfOnf cl3 a9fpg ;lsG5 .
kZ| g M tkfOn+{ ] klxnf ] lqz/0f lng ' ePbl] v tkfOs+{ f ] hLjgdf s]
s] kl/jt{gx¿ eP <
pQ/ M @%)) jif { otfbl] v c;V+ o nfvf +} nfv c¿x¿n ] h:t}
a'4sf] lzIffn] o; s7f]/ ;+;f/df s]xL nfesf/L ePsf] d}n]
kfP“ . cy{xLg hLjgnfO{ pgLx¿n] cy{ lbP . pgLx¿n] dnfO{
dfgjLo / sf¿l0fs gLlt lbP h;n] d]/f] hLjg 8f]¥ofpg] 5 /
dn} ] s;/L csf {] hl' gdf ljz4' tf / ;j1{ tf kf| Kt ug { ;Sg5] '
eGg] b]vfO{ lbPsf] 5 .
k|frLg ef/tsf Pshgf sljn] n]Vg' ePsf] 5 ls–
pxf“sf] z/0f hfg', pxf“sf] u'0f ufpg', pxf“sf] ;Ddfg
ug {' / wds{ f ] lgod kfng ug {' egs] f ] /fdf| l] ;t ae' m/] sfo { ug{'
xf] .
d oL zAbx¿l;t k"0f{ ;xdt 5' .
æTo:t} d klg ;xdt 5' .Æ
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